Study on Preparation of Drilling Mud Auxiliary by Upgrading and Modifying Low-grade Bentonite
-
摘要:
河南信阳上天梯地区蕴藏大量低品位钙基膨润土,该膨润土Φ600为2 mPa·s,滤失量为89 mL,无法满足钻井用膨润土的技术要求(GB/T 5005—2010,Φ600≥30 mPa·s,滤失量≤16 mL)。采用半干法改性工艺通过置换层间可交换阳离子制备钠基膨润土,当Na2CO3用量2.5%、钠化1.5 h时,滤失量降至31 mL。然后,通过单因素试验考察增效剂对钠基膨润土泥浆性能的影响,并结合X射线衍射、红外光谱和扫描电镜等测试手段考察各种增效剂的作用机理,最后通过正交试验优选和调控增效剂。结果显示,增效剂通过絮凝、桥联和交错吸附等方式形成立体网络结构,改善膨润土的泥浆性能。当添加质量分数1%的MgO和1%的APAM组成的复合增效剂时,膨润土Φ600为34 mPa·s,滤失量为12 mL,达到钻井级膨润土的技术要求。
Abstract:There are a lot of low-grade calcium bentonite in Shangtianti area of Xinyang, Henan Province. The Φ600 of mud was 2 mPa·s and the filter loss was 89 mL, which can not meet the technical requirements of drilling grade bentonite(GB/T 5005-2010, Φ600 ≥ 30 mPa·s, filter loss ≤ 16 mL). Sodium modified bentonite was prepared by semi-dry modification process, when the dosage of sodium carbonate was 2.5% and sodium time for 1.5 hours, the mud filter loss decreased to 31 mL. Then, the influence of synergist on the properties of bentonite slurry was studied by single factor experiment. XRD, FTIR and SEM potential were used to investigate the mechanism of the effect of the synergist on the slurry-making properties of Bentonite. Finally, the synergist was optimized and regulated through orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the synergist facilitated the formation of network structures. when the composite synergist composed of 1% MgO and 1% APAM, the viscosity reached 34 mPa·s and the filter loss could be reduced to 12 mL, which could meet the technical requirements of bentonite for drilling.
-
Key words:
- bentonite /
- semi-dry sodium /
- synergist /
- drilling mud
-
表 1 膨润土化学成分
Table 1. chemical composition of bentonite
/% 成分 SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 K2O MgO CaO TiO2 Na2O 其他 含量 65.83 19.01 7.55 2.34 1.54 1.48 0.955 0.822 0.473 表 2 膨润土物化性能
Table 2. Physical and chemical properties of bentonite
膨胀容
/(mL·g-1)胶质价
/(mL·3g-1)吸蓝量
/(g·100g-1)蒙脱石含量
/%Φ600
/(mPa·s)滤失量
/mL8 12.5 22 49.77 2 89 表 3 因素水平及正交试验结果
Table 3. Factor level and orthogonal experiment results
编号 CE /% MgO /% CMC-Na /% APAM /% Φ600 /(mPa·s) FL /mL 1 0 0 0 0 3 31.0 2 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 16.0 14.0 3 0 1 1 1 39.0 12.0 4 0.25 0 0.5 1 16.5 15.0 5 0.25 0.5 1 0 15.5 12.5 6 0.25 1 0 0.5 22.0 12.8 7 0.5 0 1 0.5 20.0 13.6 8 0.5 0.5 0 1 22.0 13.4 9 0.5 1 0.5 0 13.0 16.8 表 4 黏度因素的极差分析
Table 4. Range analysis of viscosity factor
因素 CE /% MgO /% CMC-Na /% APAM /% K1 19.333 13.167 15.667 10.500 K2 18.000 17.833 15.167 19.333 K3 18.333 24.667 24.833 25.833 极差/Φ600 1.333 11.500 9.660 15.333 表 5 滤失量因素的极差分析
Table 5. Range analysis of filer loss factors
因素 CE /% MgO /% CMC-Na /% APAM /% K4 19.000 19.867 19.400 20.200 K5 13.867 13.400 15.267 13.900 K6 14.600 14.200 12.800 13.467 极差/FL 5.133 6.467 6.660 6.733 表 6 复合增效剂对泥浆性能的影响
Table 6. Effect of compound synergist on mud performance
增效剂用量 Φ600/(mPa·s) FL/mL 1%MgO-0.5%APAM 22 15.6 0.5%MgO-1%APAM 20 12.8 1%MgO-1%APAM 34 12.0 -
[1] 郑长文, 管俊芳, 郑佳敏, 等. 矿业领域膨润土应用的研究进展[J]. 矿产综合利用, 2020(3): 22-27. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCZL202003004.htm
ZHENG C W, GUAN J F, Zheng J M, et al. Research progress of bentonite application in mining field[J]. Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2020(3): 22-27. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCZL202003004.htm
[2] 孙孟莹, 张传盈, 郭明哲, 等. SDBS/Na2CO3改性膨润土及其在钻井液中的应用研究[J]. 应用化工, 2019, 48(10): 2378-2382. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-3206.2019.10.025
SUN M Y, ZHANG C Y, GUO M Z, et al. Study on SDBS/Na2CO3 modified bentonite and its application in drilling fluid[J]. Applied Chemical Industry, 2019, 48(10): 2378-2382. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-3206.2019.10.025
[3] 邹志飞. 钙基膨润土造浆特性及其增效技术研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学, 2019.
ZOU Z F. Study on slurry making characteristics and Synergistic Technology of calcium bentonite[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences, 2019.
[4] 王桂芳, 李恒军, 陈程, 等. 利用不同性能钙基膨润土制备膨润土复合材料的试验研究[J]. 化工矿物与加工, 2018, 47(12): 22-25. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HGKJ201812006.htm
WANG G F, LI H J, CHEN C, et al. Experimental study on preparation of bentonite composites using calcium bentonite with different properties[J]. Chemical Minerals and Processing, 2018, 47(12): 22-25. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HGKJ201812006.htm
[5] SABOORI R, SABBAGHI S, KALANTARIASL A. Improvement of rheological filtration and thermal conductivity of bentonite drilling fluid using copper oxide/polyacrylamide nanocomposite[J]. Powder Technology, 2019, 353(9): 257-266.
[6] 杨梦娜. 上天梯低品位膨润土矿产提纯分离与综合利用研究[D]. 绵阳: 西南科技大学, 2019.
YANG M N. Study on purification separation and comprehensive utilization of Shangtianti low-grade bentonite mineral[D]. Mianyang: Southwest University of Science and Technology, 2019.
[7] 何世鸣, 周健, 候德峰. 膨润土用于钻井泥浆改性与增效机理探讨[J]. 中国非金属矿工业导刊, 2002(4): 15-17. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9386.2002.04.004
HE S M, ZHOU J, HOU D F. Discussion on modification and synergistic mechanism of bentonite used in drilling mud[J]. China Nonmetallic Mineral Industry Guide, 2002(4): 15-17. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9386.2002.04.004
[8] 胡茂焱, 郑秀华. 膨润土的钠化及最优加碱量的确定[J]. 非金属矿, 1991(3): 30-31+59. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FJSK199103009.htm
HU M Y, ZHENG X H. Natrium of bentonite and determination of optimal alkali addition[J]. Nonmetallic Ore, 1991(3): 30-31+59. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FJSK199103009.htm
[9] 王道宽, 乌效鸣, 张晓静, 等. HDD钻井液用膨润土钠化改性分析[C]//2015年非开挖技术会议论文集, 2015: 64-68.
WANG D K, WU X M, ZHANG X J, et al. Analysis on sodium modification of Bentonite for HDD drilling fluid[C]//Proceedings of 2015 Trenchless Technology Conference, 2015: 64-68.
[10] KARAKA F, PYRGIOTAKIS G, ELIK M S, et al. Na-Bentonite and MgO mixture as a thickening agent for water-based paints[J]. KONA Powder and Particle Journal, 2011(29): 96-106.
[11] 王润. 丙烯酰胺类聚合物堵水调剖剂的增粘机理研究[D]. 青岛: 中国石油大学(华东), 2014.
WANG R. Study on viscosity increasing mechanism of acrylamide polymer water shutoff and profile control agent[D]. Qingdao: China University of Petroleum (East China), 2014.
[12] 俞家楠. 聚丙烯酰胺共混水溶液体系相互作用及其共聚物增黏应用[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2021.
YU J N. Interaction of polyacrylamide mixed aqueous solution system and application of copolymer viscosity enhancement[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2021.
[13] 白嘉龙, 毕伟涛, 山颖获, 等. 非离子型纤维素醚在聚合物水泥中的作用及研究[J]. 山西建筑, 2021, 47(6): 100-102+105. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JZSX202106034.htm
BAI J L, BI W T, SHAN Y H, et al. Function and research of nonionic cellulose ether in polymer cement[J]. Shanxi Architecture, 2021, 47(6): 100-102+105. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JZSX202106034.htm
[14] 薛汶举. 耐温性阴离子双子表面活性剂清洁压裂液增稠机理研究[D]. 荆州: 长江大学, 2017.
XUE W J. Study on thickening mechanism of temperature resistant anionic gemini surfactant clean fracturing fluid[D]. Jingzhou: Changjiang University, 2017.
[15] 张昊, 胡相明, 王伟, 等. 黄原胶和氧化镁改性黏土-水泥基新型喷涂堵漏风材料的制备及特征[J]. 煤炭学报, 2021, 46(6): 1768-1780. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202106009.htm
ZHANG H, HU X M, WANG W, et al. Preparation and characteristics of xanthan gum and magnesia modified clay cement based new spray air leakage blocking materials[J]. Journal of Coal, 2021, 46(6): 1768-1780. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202106009.htm
[16] CAO F Z, MIAO M, YAN P Y. Hydration characteristics and expansive mechanism of MgO expansive agents[J]. Constr Build Mater, 2018, 183: 234-242.
[17] 欧志华, 马保国, 蹇守卫. 非离子纤维素醚在新拌水泥基材料中的作用及研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2012, 31(1): 96-98+110. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSYT201201022.htm
OU Z H, MA B G, JIAN S W. Role and research progress of non-ionic cellulose ether in fresh cement-based materials[J]. Silicate Bulletin, 2012, 3(1): 96-98+110. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSYT201201022.htm
[18] 宋雪峰. HEMC改性水泥砂浆性能及微结构的研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉理工大学, 2012.
SONG X F. Study on properties and microstructure of HEMC modified cement mortar[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of technology, 2012.
[19] 杨晓静, 莫伟, 马少健, 等. 广西钙基膨润土的钠化改性试验研究[J]. 中国非金属矿工业导刊, 2013(6): 16-19. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LGFK201306009.htm
YANG X J, Mo W, Ma S J, et al. Experimental study on sodium modification of calcium bentonite in Guangxi[J]. China Nonmetallic Mineral Industry Guide, 2013(6): 16-19. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LGFK201306009.htm
[20] 李鑫, 吴雪兰, 龙红明, 等. 低品质膨润土提质改性技术研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2020, 39(3): 837-843. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSYT202003028.htm
LI X, WU X L, LONG H M, et al. Study on upgrading and modification technology of low quality bentonite[J]. Silicate Bulletin, 2020, 39(3): 837-843. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSYT202003028.htm
[21] 张术根, 彭志勤, 刘纯波. 湖南临澧膨润土有机化改型研究[J]. 中国非金属矿工业导刊, 2003(2): 30-32. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LGFK200302010.htm
ZHANG S G, PENG Z Q, LIU C B. Study on organic modification of bentonite in Linli Hunan[J]. China Nonmetallic Mineral Industry Guide, 2003(2): 30-32. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LGFK200302010.htm
[22] 曹美琦, 刘霞, 崔树勋. 不同液体环境下聚丙烯酰胺的单分子力学[J]. 高等学校化学学报, 2021, 42(9): 2982-2988. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDXH202109034.htm
CAO M Q, LIU X, CUI S X. Single molecule mechanics of polyacrylamide in different liquid environments[J]. Journal of Chemistry of Colleges and Universities, 2021, 42(9): 2982-2988. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDXH202109034.htm