The Distribution Characteristics of 22 Organochlorine Pesticides in Soil from Sample Areas of the Yangtze River Delta
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摘要:
针对长三角地区长期工业化对农业生态环境构成较大风险, 本文利用气相色谱法对该地区不同利用类型土壤中22种有机氯农药进行测定, 研究了有机氯农药的残留状况及其在4条土壤垂向剖面中的分布特征。结果表明, 不同利用类型表层土壤中有机氯农药残留平均值为工业园区菜地(139.87 ng/g)>工业园区荒地(103.1 ng/g) >农业区传统菜地(26.27 ng/g) >农业区水稻田(2.50 ng/g)。表层土壤中DDTs和HCHs是主要污染物, DDTs含量为0.14~485.73 ng/g(均值44.43 ng/g), HCHs含量为0.69~66.69 ng/g(均值7.73 ng/g), (DDD+DDE)/DDTs值表明该地区近期外源DDTs输入较少。土壤剖面样品分析表明, DDTs和HCHs的含量均随土壤深度增加而迅速降低, 这与剖面土壤包气带岩性均以黏土和亚黏土为主, 削弱了地表径流对有机氯农药的垂直迁移动力有关。本研究可为控制和改善该地区污染状况提供相关数据。
Abstract:In order to evaluate the agricultural ecological environment risk caused by industrialization over a long period of time, the distribution characteristics of 22 organochlorine pesticide residues in the soils under different land use forms from four perpendicular profiles were analyzed using gas chromatography.Research results indicate that the mean concentrations of OCPs were in the order:vegetable land in industrial park(139.87 ng/g)> waste land in industrial park(103.1 ng/g)> vegetable land in agricultural areas(26.27 ng/g)> paddy field in agricultural areas(2.50 ng/g).DDTs and HCHs were still the primary pollutants of OCPs in the topsoils with DDTs concentrations of 0.14-485.73 ng/g(mean 44.43 ng/g) and HCHs concentrations of 0.69-66.69 ng/g(mean 7.73 ng/g).The ratio of(DDD+DDE)/DDTs indicated that there was almost no new input of pollution in this area.The concentrations of DDTs and HCHs tend to decrease gradually with the increase in the depth of soil profile.This trend is related to the fact that the rock types of zone of aeration in profile soil are mainly clays and sub-clays, which reduce the vertical transfer dynamics of organochlorine pesticides induced by the overland runoff.This study provides some references to the control and improvement of pollution conditions in the region.
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表 1 采样点分布信息
Table 1. Distribution information of sampling sites
采样点编号 经度(E) 纬度(N) 地区 土壤利用类型 S01 119°28'19.5" 32°36'35.8" 南京市江心洲 农业区传统菜地 S02 118°49'02.2" 32°13'14.0" 南京市八卦洲 农业区传统菜地 S03 118°48'26.9" 32°02'26.2" 南京市六合区 工业园区菜地 S04 118°50'31.4" 32°12'44.9" 南京市八卦洲 农业区水稻田 S05 119°42'07.6" 31°57'54.9" 丹阳市窦庄 农业区水稻田 S06 119°51'30.4" 31°34'37.7" 常州市滆湖 农业区水稻田 S07 120°04'15.4" 32°12'44.9" 常州市雪堰镇 农业区传统菜地 S08 120°04'02.1" 31°27'56.9" 宜兴芳桥 农业区传统菜地 S09 120°25'22.9" 30°58'26.2" 吴江市七都镇 农业区传统菜地 S10 120°29'22.9" 30°54'51.3" 吴江市震泽镇 农业区水稻田 S11 120°30'42.5" 31°00'43.0" 吴江市横扇镇 农业区水稻田 S12 120°33'41.8" 31°02'04.0" 吴江市松陵镇 工业园区菜地 S13 120°33'31.8" 30°58'25.1" 吴江市梅堰镇 工业园区荒地 S14 121°10'29.4" 30°41'58.0" 浙江平湖张家桥 农业区传统菜地 S15 121°19'55.2" 30°42'04.2" 上海市金山区 工业园区荒地 S16 121°16'38.4" 30°42'22.3" 上海市金山区 工业园区菜地 S17 121°38'13.0" 31°34'10.2" 上海市崇明岛 农业区传统菜地 S18 121°55'45.5" 31°44'50.9" 启东市寅阳镇 工业园区荒地 S19 121°32'57.2" 31°46'38.7" 启东市北新镇 工业园区菜地 表 2 表层土壤样品中有机氯农药残留状况
Table 2. Organochlorine pesticide residues in the topsoil samples
有机氯农药 含量(ng/g) S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 S06 S07 S09 S10 六氯苯 1.02 0.56 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.18 α-HCH 0.79 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.28 β-HCH 4.67 ND ND ND ND ND 9.25 ND 0.69 七氯 ND ND ND ND 0.37 ND 0.66 ND ND δ-HCH 1.04 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.20 环氧七氯 ND ND ND 0.91 ND ND ND ND ND DDE 74.41 0.49 2.96 0.24 1.50 1.01 11.18 0.48 1.45 DDD 1.71 0.13 0.23 ND 0.51 ND 2.07 ND 0.13 o, p’-DDT 3.06 0.45 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND p, p’-DDT 12.67 0.44 1.24 0.37 1.40 ND 3.16 ND ND ∑HCHs 6.50 ND ND ND ND ND 9.25 ND 0.89 ∑DDTs 91.85 1.51 4.43 0.61 3.41 1.01 16.41 0.48 1.58 ∑OCPs 99.37 2.07 4.43 1.52 3.78 1.01 26.32 0.48 2.93 有机氯农药 含量(ng/g) S11 S12 S13 S15 S16 S17 S18 S19 六氯苯 ND 0.68 1.15 ND ND 0.44 ND 4.26 α-HCH 0.22 ND 0.49 16.76 ND 0.25 ND 15.03 γ-HCH ND ND ND 1.50 ND ND ND 0.84 β-HCH 0.48 0.70 7.88 48.43 2.52 0.28 0.80 33.15 δ-HCH 0.15 0.36 0.27 ND ND 0.16 ND ND γ-氯丹 ND ND ND 11.06 ND ND ND ND DDE 1.33 1.35 0.44 108.43 6.77 0.83 0.14 344.25 DDD 0.21 0.25 0.16 62.01 1.16 0.33 ND 76.05 o, p’-DDT 0.25 ND 0.50 6.37 ND ND ND 27.19 p, p’-DDT 0.64 ND ND 42.89 2.25 0.82 ND 38.24 ∑HCHs 0.85 1.06 8.64 66.69 2.52 0.69 0.80 49.02 ∑DDTs 2.43 1.60 1.10 219.70 10.18 1.98 0.14 485.73 ∑OCPs 3.28 3.34 10.89 297.45 12.70 3.11 0.94 539.01 注: ND表示未检出。 表 3 不同利用类型土壤中有机氯农药残留状况
Table 3. Organochlorine pesticide residues in the soils under different land useforms
有机氯农药 农业区传统菜地(ng/g) 农业区水稻田(ng/g) 工业园区菜地(ng/g) 工业园区荒地(ng/g) 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 ∑DDTs 0.48 91.85 22.45 0.61 3.41 1.81 1.60 485.7 125.49 0.14 219.7 73.65 ∑HCHs ND 9.25 5.48 ND 0.89 0.87 ND 49.02 17.53 0.80 66.69 25.38 DDE 0.48 74.41 17.48 0.24 1.50 1.11 1.35 344.3 88.83 0.14 108.4 36.34 β-HCH ND 9.25 4.73 ND 0.69 0.59 ND 33.15 12.12 0.80 48.43 19.04 ∑OCPs 0.48 99.37 26.27 1.01 3.78 2.50 3.34 539.0 139.87 0.94 297.5 103.1 表 4 本次研究与该地区往年表层土壤中有机氯农药残留污染状况比较
Table 4. Comparison of the residue levels of OCPs in topsoil from some areas of Yangtze River delta in early years
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