中国地质学会岩矿测试技术专业委员会、国家地质实验测试中心主办

X射线衍射技术应用于宝石鉴定-合成及晶体结构研究进展

张妮, 林春明. X射线衍射技术应用于宝石鉴定-合成及晶体结构研究进展[J]. 岩矿测试, 2016, 35(3): 217-228. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.03.002
引用本文: 张妮, 林春明. X射线衍射技术应用于宝石鉴定-合成及晶体结构研究进展[J]. 岩矿测试, 2016, 35(3): 217-228. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.03.002
Ni ZHANG, Chun-ming LIN. Review on the Application of X-ray Diffraction in Gem Identification, Synthesis and Crystal Structure Research[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2016, 35(3): 217-228. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.03.002
Citation: Ni ZHANG, Chun-ming LIN. Review on the Application of X-ray Diffraction in Gem Identification, Synthesis and Crystal Structure Research[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2016, 35(3): 217-228. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.03.002

X射线衍射技术应用于宝石鉴定-合成及晶体结构研究进展

  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(41402073);金陵科技学院博士科研启动基金项目(jit-b-201329)
详细信息
    作者简介: 张妮,博士,讲师,从事宝石矿床学、矿物学与沉积学研究。E-mail:znia@sina.com
    通讯作者: 林春明,博士生导师,教授,从事沉积学与储层地质学研究。E-mail:cmlin@nju.edu.cn
  • 中图分类号: P575.5

Review on the Application of X-ray Diffraction in Gem Identification, Synthesis and Crystal Structure Research

More Information
  • 因宝石检测常附带无损要求、宝石评价具科学性和不确定性等特点,X射线衍射(XRD)在宝石学这门矿物学的分支学科中的应用具有特殊性,其应用领域主要集中在三个方面。①宝石鉴定领域:对单晶宝石和多晶宝石进行物相鉴定、宝石产地特征研究以及宝石矿物多型的种类划分等。例如根据XRD图谱,可将品种繁多的微晶石英隐晶质变种玉髓中不同的SiO2质矿物相精确区分;通过黏土矿物成分及其含量可将鸡血石中"地"的种类进行划分。②宝石矿物的晶体结构研究:对成分复杂的单晶宝石进行晶体化学分析、获取矿物类质同象替代情况、利用结晶度划分宝石品质。例如晶格参数中的c/a比值可将绿柱石的Al八面体类质同象替代和Be四面体类质同象替代进行区分;软玉中通过XRD数据计算出的结晶度与软玉的品质关系密切。③宝石学研究技术的开发:对宝石的优化处理过程进行监测,在宝石合成过程中检验矿物晶形大小、结晶质量及内应力等,以有机宝石的晶体结构为基础的人工养殖技术研究。例如尖晶石在热处理过程中,Mg离子由四面体中的T位迁移至八面体中的M位,导致M-O和T-O键长随温度变化,并反映在尖晶石的色调中;在托帕石合成过程中,XRD数据显示770~800℃时形成含氟托帕石(与天然托帕石结构相同),而在950℃和1000℃出现含氟托帕石离解成刚玉和莫来石。目前,我国在宝石学的XRD应用方面起步较晚,国外在宝石鉴定、优化与合成方面的应用相对成熟。本文认为,该技术与扫描电镜、质子探针等分析技术的联用仍有很大发展空间。
  • 加载中
  • 图 1  富硅Anatolian蔷薇辉石的XRD图谱(Rod—蔷薇辉石;Qu—石英)

    Figure 1. 

    图 2  Moganite矿物(Mo)的晶体结构和蓝色玉髓的XRD图谱

    Figure 2. 

    图 3  氧参数u和尖晶石晶胞参数在热处理过程中随温度发生变化

    Figure 3. 

    图 4  尖晶石的热处理过程中温度与氧替换参数以及温度与M—O和T—O键长之间的关系

    Figure 4. 

    图 5  刚玉-石英-氟化铵以1∶1∶5的混合摩尔比在(a)770℃和(b)1000℃条件下合成氟托帕石的XRD图谱(T—托帕石,M—莫来石,Cr—刚玉,Q—石英)

    Figure 5. 

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出版历程
收稿日期:  2015-05-31
修回日期:  2016-05-05
录用日期:  2016-05-20

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