Re-Os同位素在晚新元古代至早寒武世测年及古环境演绎中的应用进展

王富良; 付勇; 江冉; 周文喜; 葛枝华; 魏帅超; 梁厚鹏; 张鹏

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.05.012

Re-Os同位素在晚新元古代至早寒武世测年及古环境演绎中的应用进展

1.
贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 贵州贵阳 550000

2.
中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所, 北京 100037

基金项目:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（41203037）；贵州大学人才引进基金（（2011）17）；贵州大学研究生创新基金资助项目（研理工2016044）

详细信息

作者简介: 王富良, 硕士研究生, 矿产普查与勘探专业。E-mail:Fuliangwangkmal@163.com

通讯作者: 付勇, 副教授, 从事沉积矿床学研究。E-mail:byez1225@126.com

中图分类号: P619.227;P597.3

收稿日期: 2016-07-29

修回日期: 2016-08-30

录用日期: 2016-09-20

Research Progress on Re-Os Isotopes Application in Dating and Paleoenvironmental Interpretation during the Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian Periods

1.
College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, China

2.
Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Yong FU, byez1225@126.com

Received Date: 29 July 2016

Revised Date: 30 August 2016

Accepted Date: 20 September 2016

摘要

摘要: 晚新元古代至早寒武世是地球演化历史上极其重要的时期，该时期地层年龄框架的厘定以及古海水、古大气、古气候等方面的研究一直是国际地学界的关注热点。Re-Os同位素测年法是近十几年来兴起的地层测年法，其对于晚新元古代至早寒武世重要时间节点上沉积的富有机质黑色页岩具有测年及示踪古环境的双重优势。本文以晚新元古代至早寒武世地层为例，阐述了Re-Os同位素测年法在年代地层学研究中的应用，通过与大量的、精确的锆石U-Pb年龄对比，论证了Re-Os同位素测定沉积地层年龄的可靠性。对于震旦系陡山沱组地层建阶及留茶坡组地层的年代学研究，黑色页岩Re-Os同位素测年法可发挥重要的作用。结合前人所做的Sr同位素变化曲线以及收集的晚新元古代—早寒武世Os同位素初始值的测试数据，阐述了Os同位素在该时段古环境演绎及Ni-Mo-V多金属层来源追溯上发挥的作用。黑色页岩难以进行⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr的分析，而Os同位素初始值能较好地弥补这一缺陷，二者的相互结合将为晚新元古代至早寒武世古环境演化的研究作出贡献。本文指出，随着Re-Os同位素分析技术的发展以及更多实验流程的建立，该项技术在未来年代地层学，尤其对一些古老地层的年代厘定具有广阔的应用前景。
- 黑色页岩 /
- Re-Os同位素 /
- ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os初始值 /
- 早寒武世 /
- 晚新元古代 /
- 华南地区
Abstract: The Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian period is a very important era in the history of earth evolution. Research on stratigraphic framework, paleo-oceanography, palaro-atmospheric, and paleoclimatology are focuses of international geosciences. As a new stratigraphic dating method, Re-Os isotopic dating was developed rapidly in the last decades. It has dual advantages of dating and tracing the paleoenvironment for the organic-rich black shale deposited at the important timing turning points during Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian. Taking the Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian strata as an example, the application of the Re-Os isotopic dating method in chronostratigraphy is described in this paper and the reliability of the Re-Os dating method by comparison with numerous precise zircon U-Pb ages is confirmed. This method has played an important role in the research of the building order in the Doushantuo Formation and the sedimentary time of the Liuchapo Formation. Combining previous Sr isotope curves with the initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios of Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian strata, the role of Os isotopes in the interpretation of the paleoenvironment and tracing the source of Ni-Mo-V polymetallic layers is discussed. Sr isotope analysis is difficult to conduct on black shales, while initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os can complement this defect. Therefore, the mutual combination of these two methods can contribute to the exploration of the paleoenvironment during Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian. Finally, with the development of Re-Os isotope analysis technology and establishment of more experiment processes, it will produce a significant effect on the study of future chronostratigraphy, especially on the age-determination of the older strata.
- black shale /
- Re-Os isotope /
- initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os value /
- Early Cambrian /
- late Neoproterozoic /
- South China

HTML全文

图 1 (a)冰期沉积期间南华盆地沉积岩相古地理图(据Li等^[48])；(b)冰期沉积期间澳大利亚构造背景图(据Kendall等^[44])；(c)冰期沉积期地层对比图：Amadeus盆地地层图据Kendall等^[44]，寨郎沟地层图据Zhou等^[43]，毛坪洞及汪家坪地层图据Liu等^[47]，Re-Os同位素年龄源自Kendall等^[44]，U-Pb年龄源自Zhou等^[43]、Zhang等^[46]、Liu等^[47]

Figure 1.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 (a)震旦纪陡山沱期扬子地台岩相古地理图(据Wang等^[62])；(b)震旦纪时期各相带地层对比图：九龙湾地层图据Zhu等^[55]；瓮安北斗山剖面地层图据杨爱华等^[56]；Re-Os年龄据Zhu等^[55]

Figure 2.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 (a)早寒武世扬子地台岩相古地理图(据Chen等^[59])；(b)早寒武世Ni-Mo-PGE多金属层Re-Os等时线拟合图：数据源自Han等^[14]、Mao等^[25]、Xu等^[26]、Fu等^[27]；(c)早寒武世时期各相带地层对比图：地层资料据Fu等^[27]、Chen等^[60]、Wang等^[66]；U-Pb年龄源自Chen等^[59-60]、Jenkins等^[64]、Jiang等^[65]；Re-Os年龄源自Xu等^[26]、Fu等^[27]

Figure 3.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 (a)海水⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr的变化曲线(据Maloof等^[68])；(b)晚元古代至早寒武世海水初始¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os变化曲线(据Xu等^[26]、Fu等^[27]、Kendall等^[44]、Zhu等^[55])

Figure 4.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(73)

[1]	Zhu M Y, Strauss H, Shields G A.From Snow Ball Earth to the Cambrian Bioradiation:Calibration of Ediacaran-Cambrian Earth History in South China[J].Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2007, 254(1-2):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.03.026
[2]	朱茂炎.动物的起源和寒武纪大爆发:来自中国的化石证据[J].古生物学报, 2010, 49(3):269-287. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSWX201003000.htm Zhu M Y.The Origin and Cambrian Explosion of Animals:Fossil Evidences from China[J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2010, 49(3):269-287. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSWX201003000.htm
[3]	Herwatz D, Pack A, Krylov D, et al. Revealing the Climate of Snowball Earth from Δ¹⁷O Systematics of Hydrothermal Rocks[J].Proceeding of the National Academy of Science, 2015, 117(12):5337-5341.
[4]	Nekrasov G E, Bogomolov E S.Ophiolites of the Ust-Belskii Terrane (Chukotka):A Consequence of Late Precambrian Breakup of the Rodinia Supercontinent in Structures of the NE Framing of the Siberian Craton (Structural, Petrological-Mineralogical, and Isotope Data)[J].Doklady Earth Sciences, 2015, 461(2):351-355. doi: 10.1134/S1028334X15040224
[5]	Nekrasov G E, Bogomolov E S.Ophiolites of the Ust-Belskii Terrane (Chukotka):A Consequence of Late Precambrian Breakup of the Rodinia Supercontinent in Structures of the NE Framing of the Siberian Craton (Structural, Petrological-Mineralogical, and Isotope Data)[J].Doklady Earth Sciences, 2015, 461(2):351-355. doi: 10.1134/S1028334X15040224
[6]	Gernon T M, Hincks T K, Tyrrell T, et al.Snowball Earth Ocean Chemistry Driven by Extensive Ridge Volcanism during Rodinia Breakup[J].Nature Geoscience, 2016, 9:1-9.
[7]	Gordienko I V, Metelkin D V.The Evolution of the Sub-duction Zone Magmatism on the Neoproterozoic and Early Paleozoic Active Margins of the Paleoasian Ocean[J].Russian Geology & Geophysics, 2016, 57(1):69-81.
[8]	李三忠, 杨朝, 赵淑娟, 等.全球早古生代造山带(Ⅳ):板块重建与Carolina超大陆[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2016, 46(4):1026-1041. Li S Z, Yang Z, Zhao S J, et al.Global Early Paleozoic Orogens(Ⅳ):Plate Reconstruction and Supercontinent Carolina[J].Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2016, 46(4):1026-1041.
[9]	Yu W C, Algeo T J, Du Y S, et al.Genesis of Cryogenian Datangpo Manganese Deposit:Hydrothermal Influence and Episodic Post-glacial Ventilation of Nanhua Basin, South China[J].Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2016, 459:321-337. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.05.023
[10]	朱祥坤, 彭乾云, 张仁彪, 等.贵州省松桃县道坨超大型锰矿床地质地球化学特征[J].地质学报, 2013, 87(9):1335-1348. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE201309011.htm Zhu X K, Peng Q Y, Zhang R B, et al.Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of the Daotuo Super-large Manganese Ore Deposit an Songtao County in Guizhou Province[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 2013, 87(9):1335-1348. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE201309011.htm
[11]	张飞飞, 闫斌, 郭跃玲, 等.湖北古城锰矿的沉淀形式及其古环境意义[J].地质学报, 2013, 87(2):245-258. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE201302011.htm Zhang F F, Yan B, Guo Y L, et al.Precipitation Form of Manganese Ore Deposits in Gucheng, Huibei Province, and Its Paleoenvironment Implication[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 2013, 87(2):245-258. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE201302011.htm
[12]	裴浩翔, 付勇, 徐志刚, 等.贵州道坨锰矿菱锰矿的稀土元素特征[J].沉积与特提斯地质, 2015, 35(1):76-85. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TTSD201501010.htm Pei H X, Fu Y, Xu Z G, et al.REE Characteristics of Rhodochrosite from the Daotuo Manganese Deposit in Guizhou[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2015, 35(1):76-85. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TTSD201501010.htm
[13]	Xu L G, Lehmann B, Mao J W. Seawater Contribution to Polymetallic Ni-Mo-PGE-Au Mineralization in Early Cambrian black Shales of South China:Evidence from Mo Isotope, PGE, Trace Element, and REE Geochemistry[J].Ore Geology Reviews, 2013, 52(6):66-84.
[14]	Han T, Zhu K L, Jiang L, et al.Metal Sources for the Polymetallic Ni-Mo-PGE Mineralization in the Black Shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, South China[J].Ore Geology Reviews, 2015, 67:158-169. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.11.020
[15]	范德廉, 张熹, 叶杰编著.中国的黑色岩系及其有关矿床[M].北京:科学出版社, 2004:1-438. Fan D L, Zhang X, Ye J.The Blake Rock Series in China and Its Related Mineral Deposits[M].Beijing:Science Press, 2004:1-438.
[16]	韩善楚, 胡凯, 曹剑.贵州天柱早寒武世黑色岩系重晶石矿床有机地球化学研究[J].地球化学, 2014, 43(4):386-398. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQHX201404009.htm Han S C, Hu K, Cao J.Organic Geochemistry of Barite Deposits Hosted in the Early Cambrian Black Shales from the Tianzhu County, Guizhou Province[J].Geochimica, 2014, 43(4):386-398. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQHX201404009.htm
[17]	侯东壮, 吴湘滨, 李贞, 等.贵州省天柱大河边重晶石矿床成矿物质来源[J].中国有色金属学报, 2015, 25(4):1039-1048. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYXZ201504027.htm Hou D Z, Wu X B, Li Z, et al.Ore-forming Material Sources of Dahebian Barite Deposit in Tianzhu County, Guizhou Province, China[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2015, 25(4):1039-1048. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYXZ201504027.htm
[18]	Kasemannet S A, Hawkesworth C J, Prave A R, et al.Boron and Calcium Isotope Composition in Neoproterozoic Carbonate Rocks from Namibia:Evidence for Extreme Environmental Change[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2005, 231(Supplement 1-2):73-86.
[19]	Giddings J A, Wallace M W.Sedimentology and C-isotope Geochemistry of the "Sturtian" Cap Carbonate, South Australia[J].Sedimentary Geology, 2009, 216(1-2):1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.01.007
[20]	Mcarthur J M, Burnett J, Hancock J M.Strontium Isotopes at K/T Boundary[J].Nature, 1992, 355(6355):28. doi: 10.1038/355028a0
[21]	李超, 屈文俊, 王登红, 等.富有机质地质样品Re-Os同位素体系研究进展[J].岩石矿物学杂志, 2010, 24(4):421-430. Li C, Qu W J, Wang D H, et al.Advances in the Study of the Re-Os Isotope System of Organic-rich Samples[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2010, 24(4):421-430.
[22]	Cohen A S.The Rhenium-Osmium Isotope System:Applications to Geochronological and Palaeoenviron-mental Problems[J].Journal of the Geological Society, 2004, 161(5):729-734.
[23]	Yang G, Hannah J L, Zimmerman A, et al.Re-Os Depositional Age for Archean Carbonaceous Slates from the Southwestern Superior Province:Challenges and Insights[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2009, 280(1):83-92.
[24]	Akira I, Pearsona D G, Dalea C W.Ancient Os Isotope Signatures from the Ontong Java Plateau Lithosphere:Tracing Lithospheric Accretion History[J].Earth & Planetary Science Letters, 2011, 301(1-2):159-170.
[25]	Mao J W, Lehmann B, Du A D, et al.Re-Os Dating of Polymetallic Ni-Mo-PGE-Au Mineralization in Lower Cambrian Black Shales of South China and Its Geologic Significance[J].Economic Geology, 2002, 97(5):1051-1061. doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.97.5.1051
[26]	Xu L G, Lehmann B, Mao J W, et al.Re-Os Age of Polymetallic Ni-Mo-PGE-Au Mineralization in Early Cambrian Blake Shales of South China-A Reassessment[J].Economic Geology, 2011, 106(3):511-522. doi: 10.2113/econgeo.106.3.511
[27]	Fu Y, Dong L, Li C, et al.New Re-Os Isotopic Constrains on the Formation of the Metalliferous Deposits of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation[J].Journal of Earth Science, 2016, 27(2):1-11.
[28]	李超, 屈文俊, 王登红, 等.Re-Os同位素在沉积地层精确定年及古环境反演中的应用进展[J].地球学报, 2014, 35(4):405-414. Li C, Qu W J, Wang D H, et al.The Progress of Applying Re-Os Isotope to Dating of Organic-rich, Sedimentary Rocks and Reconstruction of Palaeoenvironment[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2014, 35(4):405-414.
[29]	Cohen A S, Coe A L, Bartlett J M.Precise Re-Os Ages of Organic-rich Mudrocks and the Os Isotope Composition of Jurassic Seawater[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1999, 167(3-4):159-173. doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00026-6
[30]	Yoshiro Y, Yoshio T, Hiromitsu H.Comparison of Reductive Accumulation of Re and Os in Seawater-Sediment Systems[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2007, 71:3458-3475. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2007.05.003
[31]	Kendall B, Robert A, Selby D.¹⁸⁷Re-¹⁸⁷Os Geochronology of Precambrian Organic-rich Sedimentary Rocks[J].Geological Society, 2009, 326(5):85-107.
[32]	Ceaser R A, Sannigrahi P, Chacko T, et al.Further Evaluation of the Re-Os Geochronometer in Organic-rich Sedimentary Rocks:A Test of Hydrocarbon Maturation Effects in the Exshaw Formation, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2002, 66(19):3441-3452. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00939-0
[33]	刘华, 屈文俊, 王英滨, 等.用三氧化铬-硫酸溶剂对黑色页岩铼-锇定年方法初探[J].岩矿测试, 2008, 27(4):245-249. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/ykcs/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20080490&flag=1 Liu H, Qu W J, Wang Y B, et al.Primary Study on Re-Os Isotopic Dating of Black Shale Using CrO₃-H₂SO₄-Carius Tube-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry System[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2008, 27(4):245-249. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/ykcs/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20080490&flag=1
[34]	杜安道, 屈文俊, 李超, 等.铼-锇同位素定年方法及分析测试技术进展[J].岩矿测试, 2009, 28(3):288-304. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/ykcs/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20090318&flag=1 Du A D, Qu W J, Li C, et al.A Review on the Development of Re-Os Isotopic Dating Methods and Techniques[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2009, 28(3):288-304. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/ykcs/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20090318&flag=1
[35]	Kennedy M J, Runnegar B, Hoffmann K H, et al.Two or Four Neoproterozoic Glaciations?[J].Geology, 1998, 26(12):1059-1063. doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<1059:TOFNG>2.3.CO;2
[36]	Knoll A H.Learning to Tell Neoproterozoic Time[J].Precambrian Research, 2000, 100:3-20. doi: 10.1016/S0301-9268(99)00067-4
[37]	Walter M R, Veevers J J, Calver C R, et al.Dating the 840-544 Ma Neoproterozoic Interval by Isotopes of Strontium, Carbon, and Sulfur in Seawater and Some Interpretative Models[J].Precambrian Research, 2000, 100(1-3):371-433. doi: 10.1016/S0301-9268(99)00082-0
[38]	Schaefer B F, Burgess J M.Re-Os Isotopic Age Constraints on Deposition in the Neoproterozoic Amadeus Basin:Implications for the'Snowball Earth'[J].Geological Society, 2003, 160:825-828. doi: 10.1144/0016-764903-050
[39]	张启锐, 储雪蕾.扬子地区江口冰期地层的划分对比与南华系层型剖面[J].地层学杂志, 2006, 30(4):306-314. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ200604001.htm Zhang Q R, Chu X L.The Stratigraphic Classification and Correlation of the Jiangkou Glacication in the Yangtze Block and the Stratotype Section of the Nanhuan System[J].Journal of Stratigraphy, 2006, 30(4):306-314. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ200604001.htm
[40]	Wang J, Li Z X.History of Neoproterozoic Rift Basins in South China:Implications for Rodinia Break-up[J].Precambrian Research, 2003, 122(1-4):141-158. doi: 10.1016/S0301-9268(02)00209-7
[41]	黄晶, 储雪蕾, 张启锐, 等.新元古代冰期及其年代[J].地学前缘, 2007, 14(2):249-256. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY200702021.htm Huang J, Chu X L, Zhang Q R, et al.Constraints on the Age of Neoproterozoic Global Glaciations[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14(2):249-256. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY200702021.htm
[42]	赵彦彦, 郑永飞.全球新元古代冰期的记录和时限[J].岩石学报, 2011, 27(2):545-565. Zhao Y Y, Zheng Y F.Record and Time of Neoproterozoic Glaciations on Earth[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2011, 27(2):545-565.
[43]	Zhou C M, Tucker R, Xiao S H, et al.New Constraints on the Ages of Neoproterozoic Glaciations in South China[J].Geology, 2004, 32(5):437-440. doi: 10.1130/G20286.1
[44]	Kendall B, Creaser R A, Selby D.Re-Os Geochronology of Postglacial Black Shales in Australia:Constraints on the Timing of "Sturtian" Glaciation[J].Geological Society of America, 2006, 34(9):729-732.
[45]	尹崇玉, 王砚耕, 唐烽, 等.贵州松桃南华系大塘坡组凝灰岩锆石SHRIMP Ⅱ U-Pb年龄[J].地质学报, 2006, 80(2):273-278. Yin C Y, Wang Y G, Tang F, et al.SHRIMP Ⅱ U-Pb Zircon Date from the Nanhuan Datangpo Formation in Songtao County, Guizhou Province[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(2):273-278.
[46]	Zhang S H, Jiang G Q, Han Y G.The Age of the Nantuo Formation and Nantuo Glaciation in South China[J].Terra Nova, 2008, 20(4):289-294. doi: 10.1111/ter.2008.20.issue-4
[47]	Liu P J, Li X H, Chen S M.New SIMS U-Pb Zircon Age and Its Constraint on the Beginning of the Nantuo Glaciation[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(10):958-963.
[48]	Li C, Gordon D L, Lyon T W, et al.Evidence for a Redox Stratified Cryogenian Marine Basin, Datangpo Formation, South China[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2012, 331-332(2):246-256.
[49]	Yin L M, Zhu M Y, Knoll A H, et al.Doushantuo Embryos Preserved inside Diapause Egg Cysts[J].Nature, 2007, 446(3):661-663.
[50]	Zhu M Y, Gehling J G, Xiao S H, et al.Eight-armed Ediacaran Fossil Preserved in Contrasting Taphonomic Windows from China and Australia[J].Geology, 2008, 36(11):867-870. doi: 10.1130/G25203A.1
[51]	Chen J Y, Bottjer D J, Davidson E H, et al. Phase Contrast Synchrotron X-ray Microtomography of Ediacaran (Doushantuo) Metazoan Microfossils:Phylogenetic Diversity and Evolutionary Implications[J].Precambrian Research, 2010, 179(1-4):191-200. doi: 10.1016/j.precamres.2010.03.003
[52]	Barfod G H, Albar D F, Knoll A H, et al.New Lu-Hf and Pb-Pb Age Constraints on the Earliest Animal Fossils[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2002, 201(1):203-212. doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00687-8
[53]	Yin C Y, Tang F, Liu Y Q, et al.New U-Pb Zircon Ages from the Ediacaran (Sinian) System Age of in the Yangtze Gorges:Constraint on the Miaohe Biota and Marinoan Glaciation[J].Geological Bulletin of China, 2005, 24:393-400.
[54]	Condon D, Zhu M Y, Bowring S, et al.U-Pb Ages from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation, China[J].Science, 2005, 308(5718):95-98. doi: 10.1126/science.1107765
[55]	Zhu B, Becker H, Jiang S Y.Re-Os Geochronology of Black Shales from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation, Yangtze Platform, South China[J].Precambrian Research, 2013, 225:67-76. doi: 10.1016/j.precamres.2012.02.002
[56]	杨爱华, 朱茂炎, 张俊明, 等.扬子板块埃迪卡拉系(震旦系)陡山沱组层序地层划分与对比[J].古地理学报, 2015, 17(1):1-20. Yang A H, Zhu M Y, Zhang J M, et al.Sequence Stratigraphic Subdivision and Correlation of the Ediacaran (Sinian) Doushantuo Formation of Yangtze Plate, South China[J].Journal of Palaeogeography, 2015, 17(1):1-20.
[57]	薛耀松, 唐天福, 俞从流.皖南与湘西晚震旦世地层的划分与对比[J].地层学杂志, 1989, 13(1):52-58. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ198901008.htm Xue Y S, Tang T F, Yu C L.Stratigraphical Division and Correlation at Late Sinian in South of Anhui and West of Hunan[J].Journal of Stratigraphy, 1989, 13(1):52-58. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ198901008.htm
[58]	王约, 黄再琴, 陈洪德, 等.华南留茶坡组与灯影组的地层对比[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2012, 42(增刊):328-335. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ2012S1037.htm Wang Y, Huang Z Q, Chen H D, et al.Stratigraphical Correlation of the Liuchapo Formation with the Dengying Formation in South China[J].Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2012, 42(Supplement):328-335. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ2012S1037.htm
[59]	Chen D Z, Wang J G, Qing H R, et al.Hydrothermal Venting Activities in the Early Cambrian, South China:Petrological, Geochronological and Stable Isotopic Constraints[J].Chemical Geology, 2009, 258(3-4):168-181. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.10.016
[60]	Chen D Z, Zhou X Q, Fu Y, et al.New U-Pb Zircon Ages of the Ediacaran-Cambrian Boundary Strata in South China[J].Terra Nova, 2015, 27(1):62-68. doi: 10.1111/ter.12134
[61]	Amthor J E, Grotzinger J P, Schroder S, et al.Extinction of Cloudina and Namacalathus at the Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary in Oman[J].Geology, 2003, 31(5):431-434. doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0431:EOCANA>2.0.CO;2
[62]	Wang H Y, Li C, Hu C Y.Spurious Thermoluminescence Characteristics of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (ca.635-551 Ma) and Its Implications for Marine Dissolved Organic Carbon Reservoir[J].Journal of Earth Science, 2015, 27(6):883-892.
[63]	叶连俊编著.生物有机质成矿作用[M].北京:海洋出版社, 1996:1-225. Ye L J.The Mineralization of Biological Organic Matter[M].Beijing:Ocean Press, 1996:1-225.
[64]	Jenkins J F, Cooper J A, Compston W.Age and Biostratigraphy of Early Cambrian Tuffs from SE Australia and Southern China[J].Journal of the Geological Society, 2002, 159(6):645-658. doi: 10.1144/0016-764901-127
[65]	Jiang S Y, Pi D H, Heubeck C, et al.Early Cambrian Ocean Anoxia in South China[J].Nature, 2009, 459(7248):E5-E6. doi: 10.1038/nature08048
[66]	Wang X Q, Shi X Y, Jiang G Q, et al.New U-Pb Age from the Basal Niutitang Formation in South China:Implications for Diachronous Development and Condensation of Stratigraphic Units across the Yangtze Platform at the Ediacaran-Cambrian Transition[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2012, 48(8):1-8.
[67]	Levasseur S, Brick J L, Allegre C J.The Osmium Riverine Flux and the Oceanic Mass Balance of Osmium[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1999, 174(Supplement 1-2):7-23.
[68]	Maloof A C, Porter S M, Moore J L, et al.The Earliest Cambrian Record of Animals and Ocean Geochemical Change[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2010, 122(11-12):1731-1774. doi: 10.1130/B30346.1
[69]	Sharma M, Papanastassiou D A, Wasserburg G J.The Concentration and Isotopic Composition of Osmium in Tile Oceans[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1997, 61(16):3287-3299. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00210-X
[70]	王浩, 凌文黎, 段瑞春, 等.扬子克拉通峡东地区新元古代-寒武纪黑色岩系Os同位素地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 2012, 37(3):451-462. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201203006 Wang H, Ling W L, Duan R C, et al.Os Isotopic Geochemistry of Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Black Shales in Eastern Three Gorges of Yangtze Craton and Its Geological Significance[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2012, 37(3):451-462. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201203006
[71]	杨雪, 李超, 李欣尉, 等.半封闭硝酸溶解体系ICP-MS快速测定辉钼矿的Re-Os年龄及Re含量[J].岩矿测试, 2016, 35(1):24-31. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/ykcs/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160105&flag=1 Yang X, Li C, Li X W, et al.A Rapid Method to Determine the Re-Os Age and Re Content of Molybdenite by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2016, 35(1):24-31. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/ykcs/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160105&flag=1
[72]	李超, 屈文俊, 王登红, 等.石灰岩铼-锇同位素分析方法研究及应用初探[J].岩矿测试, 2011, 30(3):259-264. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/ykcs/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20110302&flag=1 Li C, Qu W J, Wang D H, et al.Research and Preliminary Application of Re-Os Isotope System for Limestone Samples[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2011, 30(3):259-264. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/ykcs/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20110302&flag=1
[73]	赵鸿, 李超, 江小均, 等.Re-Os同位素精确厘定长兴"金钉子"灰岩沉积年龄[J].科学通报, 2015, 60(23):2209-2215. doi: 10.1360/N972015-00409 Zhao H, Li C, Jiao X J, et al.Direct Radiometric Dating of Limestone from Changxing Permian-Triassic Boundary Using the Re-Os Geochronometer[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 2015, 60(23):2209-2215. doi: 10.1360/N972015-00409