Application of X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Electron Microprobe in the Identification of Intermediate-Felsic Volcanic Rocks
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摘要: 中酸性火山岩多具斑状结构，基质可见微晶状结构、隐晶状结构、玻璃质结构等，由于基质矿物颗粒多细小，常用的偏光显微镜受放大倍数的限制，很难准确鉴定矿物种属及含量，这类岩石仅依靠偏光显微镜分类命名会存在误差。本文采用X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、电子探针（EMPA）和偏光显微镜下观察相结合的方法，对中酸性火山岩进行鉴定。结果表明：对于基质呈隐晶质、显微晶质的中酸性火山岩，基质特征相似，偏光显微镜下无法确定长石、石英的含量，因此无法对岩石准确命名；再通过XRF进行主量元素分析，并对分析结果进行标准矿物QAPF双三角图解分类、TAS图解分类及李氏火山岩定量分类，对比结果显示三种分类命名方法存在差异；通过电子探针对矿物进行校验显示，QAPF及李氏火山岩定量分类图解与显微镜下鉴定相符，TAS图解与其他分析结果存在一定偏差。因此，对于中酸性火山岩准确命名，应采用多种分析方法相结合的方式，避免测试单一引起的误差。Abstract: Intermediate-felsic volcanic rock has porphyritic texture and the matrix is characterized by microlitic, cryptocrystalline and vitreous textures. There will be errors when identifying and classifying the rocks using only a polarizing microscope because it is difficult to accurately identify the mineral species and content due to the small grains of matrix mineral species and the limited magnification of the standard polarizing microscope. Identification of the intermediate-felsic volcanic rock by using combined X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, Electron Microprobe and the Polarizing Microscope is introduced in this article. Results show that the method cannot be used to accurately identify the microlitic and microcrystalline intermediate-felsic volcanic rocks which have similar matrix features because the Polarizing Microscope cannot accurately identify the contents of feldspar and quartz. X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry was used to analyze the major elements of the rocks. The rocks were identified by standard minerals QAPF double triangle graphic classification, TAS diagram classification and Li's volcanic rock quantitative classification. There are errors among these three methods. Minerals were checked by Electron Microprobe. The results show that the QAPF double triangle graphic classification and the Li's volcanic rock quantitative classification give the same results as identification analysis under the microscope, but the TAS graphic classification results are different from the others. Therefore, multiple classification methods should be used when identifying intermediate-felsic volcanic rock, avoiding the errors caused by the single test method.
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表 1 X射线荧光光谱分析结果
Table 1. Analytical results of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
样品编号 元素含量(%) SiO2 Al2O3 TiO2 Fe2O3 FeO CaO MgO K2O Na2O MnO P2O5 烧失量 总和 样品一 71.89 14.49 0.43 1.07 0.89 2.07 0.16 3.98 3.91 0.012 0.178 0.68 99.76 样品二 61.80 17.93 0.92 2.27 2.04 3.12 1.38 3.60 5.15 0.075 0.327 0.96 99.57 样品三 69.88 14.04 0.44 2.40 1.86 0.70 0.38 4.99 4.05 0.064 0.084 0.84 99.73 
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表 2 CIPW标准矿物含量
Table 2. CIPW standard mineral contents
样品编号 矿物含量(%) 石英 (Q) 钙长石 (An) 钠长石 (Ab) 正长石 (Or) 刚玉 (C) 透辉石 (Di) 紫苏辉石 (Hy) 钛铁矿 (Il) 磁铁矿 (Mt) 磷灰石 (Ap) 合计 样品一 30.00 9.19 33.4 23.74 0.42 未检出 0.46 0.82 1.55 0.42 100 样品二 11.39 12.63 44.22 21.59 未检出 0.72 3.63 1.77 3.29 0.77 100 样品三 25.33 2.95 34.64 29.85 0.92 未检出 1.79 0.84 3.48 0.20 100
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表 3 样品二的电子探针分析结果
Table 3. Analytical results of EMPA for Sample No.2
测试点号 矿物元素的含量(%) K2O CaO TiO2 Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 Cr2O3 MnO FeO NiO 合计 1 0.192 8.233 未检出 6.233 0.018 26.79 56.724 未检出 0.007 0.197 未检出 98.394 2 0.154 5.643 未检出 7.815 未检出 24.872 59.855 未检出 0.02 0.044 0.046 98.449 3 0.103 8.445 未检出 6.926 未检出 26.807 57.858 未检出 0.018 0.048 0.002 100.207 4 0.084 6.698 未检出 7.142 未检出 25.147 59.022 未检出 0.005 0.099 0.029 98.226 5 0.114 6.989 0.007 7.061 0.012 25.842 58.251 0.002 未检出 0.094 未检出 98.372 6 16.236 0.01 0.046 0.633 未检出 18.499 64.703 未检出 未检出 0.019 未检出 100.15 7 16.753 未检出 未检出 0.239 0.021 18.396 65.124 0.018 0.025 0.154 未检出 100.712 8 16.831 0.006 0.021 0.357 未检出 17.817 64.353 0.02 未检出 0.055 0.038 99.498 9 16.22 0.028 0.011 0.772 未检出 17.899 64.025 0.009 未检出 0.065 0.012 99.041 10 16.011 0.006 0.006 0.917 未检出 17.646 63.761 未检出 0.002 0.066 未检出 98.415
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