Preparation of Yangtze River Delta Sediment Reference Materials
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摘要: 美国、加拿大等国家先后研制了10余个海湾和河口沉积物标准物质,但定值成分较少,大多侧重于有机污染物和放射性核素值。我国于2007年研制了3个黄河三角洲沉积物标准物质,为进一步满足近海地球化学调查及资源勘探的需要,本文按照ISO导则35和国家一级标准物质技术规范,研制了2个长江三角洲沉积物标准物质。按照不同粒径采集两个候选物样品,样品经干燥、球磨至200目,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱和发射光谱法进行均匀性检验,结果表明F实测值小于列表临界值F0.05(24,25)=1.96,样品均匀性良好。在两年时间内采用X射线荧光光谱法进行了4次稳定性检验,未发现统计学意义上的明显变化,样品稳定性良好。由12家有技术权威的实验室共采用13种准确、可靠的分析方法进行协作定值,最终定值元素53项,涵盖了主量、微量及全部稀土元素,其中主量成分含量呈梯度分布,如Al2O3的含量分别为16.42%、11.48%。该系列标准物质定值元素种类多,定值方法准确,能够为河口三角洲地区地质及环境调查的分析测试工作提供可靠的质量保证。Abstract: More than 10 harbour and estuarine sediment reference materials have been developed in the United States, Canada and other countries, but most of them focus on organic pollutants and radionuclide, and lack certified values. Three sediment reference materials of the Yellow river delta have been prepared in China in 2007. In order to meet the needs of offshore marine sediment geochemical surveys and resource exploration, two sediment standard materials of the Yangtze river delta were prepared according to ISO guidelines and technical standards for reference standards at the national level. Two samples were collected according to different particle sizes, and were dried and ball milled to 200 mesh. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) were used to test the homogeneity. Results show that the F values for the variance test were less than the threshold, which indicates good homogeneity. X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy was used for a four-time stability test in two years. No statistically significant changes were observed and the stability of the samples was good. A total of 13 accurate and reliable analytical methods were used in 12 technologically significant laboratories to finalize the contents of 53 elements. The major elements show gradient distribution with 16.42% and 11.48% of Al2O3. These two reference materials have multiple elements with determined values by accurate and reliable methods, which can provide quality assurance for the analysis and testing during geological and environmental surveys in the Delta region.
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Key words:
- Yangtze River Delta /
- standard material /
- homogeneity test /
- stability test /
- certified value
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表 1 均匀性检验统计结果
Table 1. Statistical results of the homogeneity tests
样品编号 分析项目 平均值 最小值 最大值 相对偏差(%) 单方差检验 不确定度 相对不确定度 Cr 91.3 89.4 92.7 0.89 1.64 0.68 0.64 Zn 105.2 103.4 107 0.88 1.3 1.0 0.98 La 40.7 39.7 41.4 0.93 1.77 0.48 1.2 V 131 128 134 0.97 1.84 0.82 0.63 CJBW-1 Ba 452.4 447 456.8 0.55 1.66 2.7 0.61 TFe2O3 6.75 6.65 6.83 0.74 1.04 0.046 0.68 K2O 3.00 2.93 3.05 1.08 1.19 0.025 0.82 MgO 2.86 2.82 2.9 0.7 1.51 0.020 0.71 MnO 0.125 0.122 0.127 0.89 0.96 0.0008 0.64 TiO2 0.864 0.849 0.879 0.75 0.94 0.0084 0.97 Cr 72.5 68.8 76.9 2.91 1.8 1.3 1.8 Zn 71 69.2 72.9 1.3 1.22 0.73 1.0 La 42.3 40.2 44.6 3 0.76 0.26 0.62 V 94.3 90.2 98.1 1.74 0.97 0.78 0.83 CJBW-2 Ba 399.9 385.1 403.9 0.99 0.76 1.8 0.46 TFe2O3 5.03 4.88 5.09 0.98 1.1 0.031 0.52 K2O 2.30 2.24 2.34 0.87 0.85 0.015 0.66 MgO 2.15 2.09 2.18 0.99 0.92 0.014 0.63 MnO 0.126 0.123 0.139 1.16 0.97 0.0012 0.94 TiO2 0.772 0.749 0.796 1.83 1.04 0.011 1.2 注:Cr、Zn、La、V、Ba元素的质量分数为10-6;TFe2O3、K2O、MgO、MnO、TiO2的质量分数为10-2。 表 2 稳定性检验统计结果
Table 2. Statistical results of the stability tests
样品编号 分析项目 平均值 标准偏差 β1 s(β1) t0.05·s(β1) 不确定度 相对不确定度 Cu 43.5 0.31 0.022 0.020 0.064 0.48 1.1 Ni 48.1 0.19 -0.001 0.01793 0.057 0.43 0.89 Zn 110 1.41 -0.095 0.10 0.30 2.3 2.1 As 14.7 0.10 -0.002 0.009 0.028 0.21 1.4 CJBW-1 Hg 62.4 0.55 0.040 0.034 0.11 0.82 1.3 Y 28.8 0.17 0.005 0.016 0.050 0.37 1.3 Br 24.9 0.21 -0.012 0.015 0.049 0.37 1.5 Mn 925 6.40 0.41 0.46 1.45 11.0 1.2 TFe2O3 6.82 0.036 0.003 0.0021 0.007 0.051 0.75 CaO 3.90 0.019 0.0009 0.0016 0.005 0.039 1.0 Cu 20.9 0.38 -0.031 0.019 0.061 0.46 2.2 Ni 31.1 0.25 0.008 0.022 0.070 0.53 1.7 Zn 73.9 0.37 0.027 0.02 0.077 0.58 0.79 As 12.5 0.14 -0.008 0.012 0.037 0.28 2.2 CJBW-2 Hg 33.8 0.28 0.011 0.024 0.08 0.58 1.7 Y 26.8 0.26 -0.018 0.018 0.057 0.43 1.6 Br 22.3 0.19 0.001 0.009 0.028 0.21 0.95 Mn 960 5.57 0.22 0.48 1.52 11.5 1.2 TFe2O3 5.04 0.031 0.002 0.0020 0.006 0.048 0.96 CaO 5.58 0.022 0.0002 0.0021 0.007 0.049 0.88 注:Cr、Ni、Zn、As、Y、Br、Mn元素的质量分数为10-6;Hg的质量分数为10-9;TFe2O3、CaO的质量分数为10-2。 表 3 测试组数及分析方法
Table 3. Test groups and analysis method
定值指标 测试组数 定值方法 As 14 ICP-MS,AFS,NAA,XRF Ba 20 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,NAA,XRF Be 16 ICP-MS,ICP-OES Bi 14 ICP-MS,AFS Cd 10 AAS,ICP-MS,ICP-OES Ce 18 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,XRF,NAA Co 22 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,NAA,XRF Cr 20 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,XRF,NAA Cs 14 ICP-MS,XRF,NAA,AAS Cu 20 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,XRF,AAS Dy 12 ICP-MS,ICP-OES Er 12 ICP-MS,ICP-OES Eu 13 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,NAA Ga 15 ICP-MS,XRF Gd 13 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,NAA Hg 9 AFS Ho 12 ICP-MS,ICP-OES La 18 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,NAA,XRF Li 16 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,AAS Lu 13 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,NAA Mo 16 ICP-MS,ES,POL Nd 13 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,NAA Ni 19 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,XRF Pb 20 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,XRF,NAA,AAS Pr 12 ICP-MS,ICP-OES Rb 17 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,AAS,XRF,NAA Sb 14 ICP-MS,AFS,NAA,AAS Sc 13 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,NAA Se 10 ICP-MS,AFS Sm 13 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,NAA Sr 20 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,XRF Tb 13 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,NAA Th 15 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,NAA,XRF Tl 12 ICP-MS Tm 12 ICP-MS,ICP-OES U 12 ICP-MS,NAA V 19 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,XRF W 13 POL,ICP-MS Y 18 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,XRF Yb 12 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,NAA Zn 17 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,AAS,XRF Al2O3 20 VOL,ICP-OES,XRF CaO 22 AAS,ICP-OES,VOL,XRF MgO 23 VOL,ICP-OES,XRF,AAS,NAA K2O 20 ICP-OES,XRF,AAS Na2O 18 ICP-OES,XRF,AAS,NAA TFe2O3 21 AAS,COL,NAA,ICP-OES,XRF MnO 24 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,XRF,AAS,NAA P2O5 23 ICP-OES,COL,XRF TiO2 26 ICP-MS,ICP-OES,COL,XRF LOI 11 GR TC 10 VOL,IR,GR,XRF Org.C 10 VOL,EL 注:ICP-MS—电感耦合等离子体质谱法;AFS—原子荧光光谱法;NAA—中子活化法;XRF—X射线荧光光谱法;ICP-OES—电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法;AFS—原子吸收光谱法;ES—原子发射光谱法;POL—示波极谱法;VOL—容量法;COL—比色法;GR—重量法;IR—红外光谱法;EL—电位法。 表 4 样品CJBW-1和CJBW-2认定值和不确定度
Table 4. Certified values and uncertainty of CJBW-1 and CJBW-2 samples
元素 样品CJBW-1 样品CJBW-2 标准值 不确定度 标准值 不确定度 Zn 109 5 73 2 Yb 2.9 0.2 2.7 0.2 Y 30 1 26.5 0.9 W 2.3 0.2 1.7 0.1 V 130 7 95 4 U 2.7 0.2 2.2 0.2 Tm 0.47 0.03 0.43 0.03 Tl 0.82 0.05 0.53 0.04 Th 14.2 0.9 13.2 0.7 Tb 0.94 0.06 0.90 0.03 Sr 136 7 224 6 Sm 6.8 0.4 6.8 0.4 Se 0.20 0.03 0.13 0.02 Sc 16.7 0.9 11.1 0.3 Sb 1.11 0.07 0.58 0.02 Rb 145 6 96 6 Pr 9.6 0.6 9.9 0..6 Pb 32 2 24 1 Ni 47 2 30.6 0.8 Nd 35.8 0.9 36.8 0.9 Mo 0.82 0.05 0.50 0.02 Lu 0.44 0.03 0.41 0.02 Li 63 3 37 2 La 42 3 44 1 Ho 1.09 0.06 0.99 0.05 Hg 67 5 39 3 Gd 5.9 0.4 5.9 0.4 Ga 22.6 0.9 15.2 0.8 Eu 1.44 0.04 1.34 0.08 Er 3.00 0.08 2.8 0.2 Dy 5.4 0.4 5.0 0.3 Cu 42 1 19.6 0.9 Cs 12.0 0.6 6.2 0.3 Cr 96 5 74 3 Co 19.0 0.5 13.9 0.4 Ce 80 4 81 5 Cd 0.19 0.02 0.100 0.006 Bi 0.59 0.01 0.33 0.02 Be 2.8 0.2 2.0 0.1 Ba 457 26 407 16 As 15 1 12.2 0.8 *Org.C 0.70 0.05 0.48 0.02 *TC 1.39 0.10 1.44 0.11 *LOI 9.12 0.40 7.68 0.09 *TiO2 0.86 0.04 0.78 0.03 *P2O5 0.151 0.006 0.145 0.006 *MnO 0.123 0.005 0.125 0.004 *TFe2O3 6.76 0.27 5.08 0.12 *Na2O 1.68 0.05 2.11 0.08 *K2O 3.00 0.10 2.28 0.06 *MgO 2.85 0.11 2.16 0.06 *CaO 3.84 0.13 5.49 0.11 *Al2O3 16.42 0.36 11.48 0.43 注:其中标注*成分的质量分数是%,Hg为10-9,其余元素为10-6。 -
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