Petrogeochemical Characteristics and Metallogenetic Potential of Epimetamorphic Rocks in South Jiangxi Province
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摘要: 赣南地区浅变质岩系分布广泛，且风化壳发育，查明浅变质岩的岩石学及地球化学特征对分析离子吸附型稀土矿床的成矿潜力具有重要作用，而目前关于变质岩离子吸附型稀土矿的研究资料较少。本文对区内广泛发育的新元古代—寒武纪浅变质岩进行采样，通过岩相学、岩石地球化学等方法对赣南浅变质岩进行分类研究。结果表明：赣南浅变质岩时代跨度大，从青白口系至泥盆系以及少量侏罗系均有出露，以新元古代面积最广，主要类型有变砂岩类、变质凝灰岩类、板岩类、千枚岩类及片岩类。其中，变砂岩类和变质凝灰岩类的稀土含量高(∑REEs平均值分别为302 μg/g和246 μg/g)，LREEs/HREEs=2.68~5.43，目前查明的稀土矿物主要为独居石和磷钇矿。区内变质凝灰岩类产出厚度较大，稀土含量较高，风化壳发育，是良好的离子吸附型稀土矿的成矿母岩类型。千枚岩类和片岩类的平均稀土含量(∑REEs>224 μg/g)次之，但由于岩石风化难度较大，形成稀土风化壳型矿体可能性偏低。本研究是对变质岩离子吸附型稀土矿成矿的初步探讨，旨在为今后进一步的研究和找矿工作提供基础资料和依据。Abstract: Epimetamorphic rocks and related weathered crusts are widely distributed in South Jiangxi province. Identifying the petrological and geochemical characteristics of epimetamorphic rocks has a significant effect on the metallogenetic potential analysis on ion-adsorption REEs deposits. At present, there is little research about the metamorphic rock ion-adsorbed rare earth deposits. Epimetamorphic rocks of Neoproterozoic to Cambrian age are widely distributed in this region. Petrological and geochemical methods are used to classify these epimetamorphic rocks. Results show that the epimetamorphic rocks in this region have a large age span, ranging from Qingbaikou to Devonian. Minor epimetamorphic rocks also occur in Jurassic strata. Neoproterozoic epimetamorphic rocks are most widespread and mainly include blastopsammite, metamorphic tuff, slate, phyllite, and schist. Blastopsammite and metamorphic tuff have the highest REEs content with average contents of 302 μg/g and 246 μg/g, respectively, and show the LREE enrichment patterns with LREEs/HREEs of 2.68-5.43. Monazite and xenotime are the two most common rare earth minerals found in the epimetamorphic rocks so far. The metamorphic tuffs in the area have a large outcrop thickness, high REE content and well-weathered crusts, which are good metallogenic parent rocks for ion-adsorbed rare earth deposits. Phyllite, schist and granulite have lower REE contents (>224 μg/g, on average), but they are resistant to weathering and thus have a low potential in forming REE ore bodies. This study was a preliminary discussion of ion-adsorption rare earth deposits related to epimetamorphic parent rocks, which provides basic information and reference for further studies and prospecting.
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表 1 赣南浅变质岩地层及其岩石类型
Table 1. Epimetamorphic rock strata and corresponding rock types in South Jiangxi Province
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表 2 浅变质岩主要鉴别特征及其原岩恢复
Table 2. Protoliths reconstruction and main distinction characters of the epimetamorphic rocks
岩石类型 采集层位 主要矿物及含量 风化程度 鉴别特征 原岩恢复 变质细砂岩 Nh1s、Nh2-3s、Z1b、Z1d、Z2l 石英30%~70%
长石类5%~30%
黑云母3%~10%
白云母3%~12%长石黏土化
CIA=0.16~0.82
(均值0.68)变余砂状结构；变余水平层理 砂岩 变质粉砂岩 Nh1s、Qb3x、Z1x2、Z1sh2 石英30%~60%
长石类5%~30%
黑云母3%~7%
白云母3%~10%长石黏土化
CIA=0.71~0.80
(均值0.75)变余砂状结构；变余水平层理 砂岩 板岩类 Qbk1、Qb31bs、Z2l 石英+长石类70%~90% 长石黏土化
CIA=0.65~0.76
(均值0.71)板状构造，变余泥状-粉砂泥状结构；DF=-11.3 粉砂-泥质粉砂岩 千枚岩类 Qbsh1、Qbsh2、Nh2-3s、Qb3shn2、€1-2n 绢云母10%~60%
石英5%~40%
白云母5%~20%
黑云母5%~15%
绿泥石0%~10%长石黏土化
CIA=0.62~0.80
(均值0.73)千枚状构造；发生重结晶的粒状石英条带与鳞片状绢云母互层，定向排列；DF=-11.2 砂岩 片岩类 Qbk2、Qb3x、Z1sh3、Z1sh1、Z1g 石英10%~50%
绢云母10%~30%
白云母5%~20%
黑云母5%~10%长石黏土化
CIA=0.66~0.84
(均值0.74)片状构造；发生重结晶的粒状石英定向排列；DF=-12.4 砂岩 变质凝灰岩类 Qb、€1-2n、Z1b 石英10%~30% 长石黏土化
CIA=0.66~0.77(均值0.70)不规则状石英晶屑；岩屑具有霏细结构 火山岩 注：CIA值为化学蚀变指数，用于判断岩石风化程度。
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表 3 赣南不同地区变质岩分布情况及稀土含量特征
Table 3. Distribution of metamorphic rocks in different areas of South Jiangxi Province and corresponding REEs contents
赣南地区 岩石类型 ∑REEs(μg/g) LREEs/HREEs δEu δCe 赣南北部 兴国 变质砂岩、板岩 219 3.52 0.56 0.92 于都 变质砂岩、变质凝灰岩 222 4.67 0.43 0.96 瑞金 变质砂岩、变质凝灰岩 230 4.28 0.60 0.83 赣南南部 安远 变质砂岩 274 3.17 0.59 0.79 寻乌 变质砂岩、千枚岩、片岩 446 2.93 0.57 0.70
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