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新疆若羌—且末戈壁料软玉的地球化学特征及成因类型研究

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刘喜锋, 贾玉衡, 刘琰. 新疆若羌—且末戈壁料软玉的地球化学特征及成因类型研究[J]. 岩矿测试, 2019, 38(3): 316-325. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201806180072
引用本文: 刘喜锋, 贾玉衡, 刘琰. 新疆若羌—且末戈壁料软玉的地球化学特征及成因类型研究[J]. 岩矿测试, 2019, 38(3): 316-325. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201806180072
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Xi-feng LIU, Yu-heng JIA, Yan LIU. Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Types of Gobi Nephrite in Ruoqiang—Qiemo, Xinjiang[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2019, 38(3): 316-325. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201806180072
Citation: Xi-feng LIU, Yu-heng JIA, Yan LIU. Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Types of Gobi Nephrite in Ruoqiang—Qiemo, Xinjiang[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2019, 38(3): 316-325. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201806180072
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新疆若羌—且末戈壁料软玉的地球化学特征及成因类型研究

  • 1.

    华南理工大学广州学院, 广东 广州 510800

  • 2.

    桂林理工大学地球科学学院, 广西 桂林 541006

  • 3.

    中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037

  • 基金项目:
    中国地质调查局“中国矿产地质志”二级项目（DD20160346，DD20190379）；自然资源部中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20190060）；广东省青年创新人才类项目（60-CQ180009）；国家自然科学基金项目（41772044）
详细信息
    作者简介: 刘喜锋, 讲师, 主要从事宝石科研和教育工作。E-mail:liuxf@gcu.edu.cn
    通讯作者: 刘琰, 副研究员, 主要从事稀土和稀有金属矿床研究。E-mail:ly@cags.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: P619.281;P597.3

Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Types of Gobi Nephrite in Ruoqiang—Qiemo, Xinjiang

  • 1.

    Guangzhou College of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510800, China

  • 2.

    College of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China

  • 3.

    Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

More Information

    摘要
  • 新疆和田透闪石集合体（软玉）矿带长约1300km，是世界上最大的软玉矿带。除传统上认识的山料和籽料外，在新疆若羌—且末地区也分布着大量的戈壁料软玉。以往对戈壁料软玉的研究主要集中在肉眼鉴定以及与人工仿制品的区别，对其来源、年龄以及成因类型等研究尚未开展。本研究采用电子探针、电感耦合等离子体质谱、氢氧稳定同位素质谱以及SHRIMP U-Pb测年等技术对若羌戈壁料的化学成分、矿物组成及年龄进行研究，在此基础上明确其成因类型。测试结果表明，若羌戈壁料主要由纤维状透闪石和阳起石（>95%）组成，并含少量（< 5%）磷灰石、透辉石、绿帘石、铬铁矿等矿物。戈壁料颜色主要有深绿色、绿色、黄绿色、白色，除白色以外的颜色与其中的FeO含量（0.48%~2.92%）有关。样品全岩的化学成分与透闪石晶体化学组成类似，全岩稀土配分模式显示Eu负异常（δEu=0.09~0.66），LREE富集，HREE平坦，稀土总量（6.93~115.93μg/g）、Cr（68.8~119μg/g）、Ni（16.4~38.8μg/g）较低。戈壁料成矿流体中氢同位素δD为-24.94‰~-56.83‰，平均值为-40.14‰，显示其主要由岩浆水、大气降水组成。从戈壁料样品中分离出的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄有四组（40~60Ma、480Ma、785Ma和1450~2460Ma），这些年龄可以约束戈壁料的形成时代。戈壁料软玉的地球化学和成矿流体组成与已报道的典型的镁质矽卡岩矿床中的软玉组成类似，其中400Ma左右的成矿年龄与报道的大部分和田区域的成矿年龄一致，多组成矿年龄也显示了软玉多期次成矿的特点。
    BACKGROUNDThe Hetian nephrite belt is the longest nephrite belt in the world at 1300km. In addition to the traditional primary and placer nephrite, there is widespread Gobi nephrite in the Gobi desert of the Quoqiang district in Xinjiang. OBJECTIVESTo identify the origin, genesis, ages and types of Gobi nephrite. METHODSElectronic Microprobe, X-ray Fluorescence, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry and sensitive high-resolution Ion Microprobe were used to examine the mineral assemblages, chemical composition and ages of Gobi nephrite. Based on these analyses, the genesis of Gobi nephrite was constrained. RESULTSGobi nephrite was predominantly composed of tremolite (>95%) with minor apatite, diopside, epidote and chromite (< 5%). The color of Gobi nephrite was mainly dark green, green, yellow-green and white. The samples, with the exception of white, were related to the FeO content (0.48%-2.92%). The whole rock analysis suggested that both Gobi nephrite and tremolite had a similar chemical composition. All samples displayed LREE enrichment, flat HREE and negative Eu anomaly (δEu=0.09-0.66). Totally, all these samples had low content of REE (6.93-115.93μg/g), Cr (68.8-119μg/g), and Ni (16.4-38.8μg/g). δD (-24.94‰--56.83‰) of ore-forming fluids indicated that it was composed of magmatic water and meteoric water. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons showed that there were four groups of ages:40-60Ma, 480Ma, 785Ma and 1450-2460Ma. These ages could be used to constrain the formation ages of Gobi nephrite. CONCLUSIONSThe geochemistry and ore-forming fluid composition of the Gobi nephrite is similar to the composition of nephrite in the typical Mg-skarn deposit previously reported. The ore-forming age of 400Ma is consistent with the mineralization age of most of the reported ages in the Hetian areas. The multiple age groups also indicate multi-stage mineralization of nephrite.
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  • 图 1  戈壁料软玉的显微照片及背散射电子图像

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  戈壁料软玉中的透闪石和阳起石分类

    Figure 2. 

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    表 1  戈壁料软玉中主要矿物化学成分EPMA分析结果

    Table 1.  EPMA data of main minerals in nephrites from Gobi nephrite, Xinjiang

    样品编号 含量(%)
    SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO Cr2O3 MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O Total Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) 矿物名称
    RQGB-12-Q3-1 37.92 0.11 4.28 0.26 0.01 0.03 17.22 10.24 1.36 0.15 71.56 0.99 透辉石
    RQGB-12-Q3-2 44.53 0.04 0.66 0.22 0.00 0.00 17.69 13.67 0.33 0.03 77.16 0.99 透辉石
    RGG13-01-1-1 58.61 0.00 0.54 0.86 0.00 0.12 24.11 12.54 0.08 0.03 96.89 0.97 透闪石
    RGG13-01-1-2 58 0.01 0.53 0.70 0.00 0.07 23.71 12.16 0.07 0.05 95.3 0.97 透闪石
    RGG13-01-2-1 58.45 0.00 0.55 0.76 0.03 0.12 23.91 12.3 0.08 0.03 96.2 0.97 透闪石
    RGG13-01-2-2 58.31 0.00 0.55 0.75 0.00 0.13 23.59 12.65 0.07 0.03 96.08 0.97 透闪石
    RGG13-01-3-1 58.44 0.00 0.47 0.75 0.01 0.06 23.9 12.38 0.09 0.01 96.1 0.97 透闪石
    RGG13-01-3-2 58.42 0.01 0.57 0.99 0.03 0.07 23.88 12.41 0.10 0.05 96.5 0.97 透闪石
    RGG13-01-4-1 58.18 0.06 0.53 0.73 0.02 0.11 23.63 12.61 0.08 0.05 95.98 0.96 透闪石
    RGG13-01-4-2 58.45 0.10 0.57 0.86 0.00 0.07 23.72 12.36 0.09 0.05 96.27 0.96 透闪石
    RGG13-09-1-1 57.87 0.00 0.82 0.53 0.04 0.04 24.02 12.94 0.15 0.09 96.46 0.96 透闪石
    RGG13-09-1-2 57.9 0.06 0.70 0.48 0.00 0.04 23.85 13.08 0.09 0.06 96.26 0.96 透闪石
    RGG13-09-2-1 57.85 0.06 0.76 0.51 0.00 0.12 23.94 13.32 0.12 0.08 96.76 0.96 透闪石
    RGG13-09-2-2 58.11 0.00 0.74 0.52 0.01 0.07 23.97 13.1 0.11 0.07 96.69 0.95 透闪石
    RGG13-09-3-1 57.96 0.02 0.77 0.54 0.00 0.16 23.92 13.09 0.1 0.05 96.61 0.96 透闪石
    RGG13-09-3-2 57.79 0.01 0.81 0.48 0.00 0.08 23.57 12.96 0.13 0.06 95.89 0.96 透闪石
    RQGB-19-1-1 57.1 0.01 0.8 2.66 0.00 0.09 22 13.24 0.09 0.04 96.03 0.86 阳起石
    RQGB-19-1-2 57.11 0.01 0.76 2.68 0.00 0.05 21.68 13.08 0.09 0.08 95.54 0.86 阳起石
    RQGB-19-1-3 57.15 0.10 0.73 2.74 0.00 0.10 21.71 13.16 0.11 0.04 95.84 0.86 阳起石
    RQGB-19-2-1 57.2 0.00 0.72 2.77 0.00 0.10 21.84 13.41 0.12 0.05 96.21 0.86 阳起石
    RQGB-19-2-2 56.69 0.01 0.8 2.62 0.00 0.10 21.76 12.92 0.12 0.12 95.14 0.86 阳起石
    RQGB-19-2-3 57.1 0.08 0.73 2.92 0.02 0.11 21.46 12.99 0.10 0.05 95.54 0.85 阳起石
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  戈壁料软玉微量元素分析结果

    Table 2.  Analysis of trace elements in Gobi nephrite, Xinjiang

    元素 含量(μg/g)
    RQGB-11 RQGB-12 RQGB-13 RQGB-14 RQGB-15 RQGB-16 RQGB-17 RQGB-18 RQGB-19 RQGB-20 RQGB-27 平均值
    Li 5 10.9 6.74 9.33 13.7 5.96 2.25 6.55 3.42 5.37 3.45 6.61
    Be 3.21 2.82 6.92 21.6 21.4 1.76 6.81 17.6 3.94 20.1 1.67 9.8
    Cr 96.5 68.8 84.8 119 69.1 88.6 99.2 69.3 78.8 79.7 72 84.16
    Mn 382 237 430 769 1029 185 767 659 972 427 640 590.64
    Co 3.33 2.54 5.29 7.62 6.26 3.34 4.14 3.66 24.7 3.58 3.38 6.17
    Ni 20.9 23 24.6 25.8 18.2 20.6 22.2 16.4 38.8 20.7 19 22.75
    Cu 4.14 2.48 3.09 543 5.53 3.76 3.91 2.6 2.85 21.4 10.5 54.84
    Zn 28 59.6 69.2 147 109 26.3 139 122 99 75.2 256 102.75
    Ga 2.67 2.16 2.12 2.72 3.45 2.9 0.97 2.6 1.36 1.78 0.57 2.12
    Rb 2.8 2.59 4.58 7.84 33.4 5.99 3.25 6.56 4.62 7.08 2.79 7.41
    Sr 26.1 34.5 12.7 20.2 205 11.5 17.7 49.6 20.2 19.9 14.7 39.28
    Mo 11.2 8.67 10.6 14.8 8.09 10.8 12.2 8.84 9.75 10.4 10.2 10.5
    Cd 0.16 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.18 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.15 0.1
    In <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.11 0.11
    Cs 2.07 3.74 3.95 2.62 4.56 3.73 1.49 1.83 0.98 1.63 3.77 2.76
    Ba 35.2 38.6 17.8 34 154 13.9 26.1 30.6 22.9 46.6 7.72 38.86
    Tl <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 0.27 0.06 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.13
    Pb 4.36 2.45 3.44 7.7 5.5 2.18 2.02 4.37 2.46 7.42 2.18 4.01
    Bi <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
    Th 0.94 0.64 0.91 0.32 0.58 0.71 0.69 0.86 0.21 0.78 0.23 0.62
    U 1.22 1.75 1.07 0.76 0.53 0.75 0.83 1.07 0.35 0.58 0.71 0.87
    Nb 1.5 0.67 1.25 1.26 0.77 0.99 1.17 2.49 1.77 1.13 2.37 1.4
    Ta 0.1 0.05 0.1 <0.05 <0.05 0.08 <0.05 0.13 0.16 0.07 0.15 0.11
    Zr 18.5 8.67 15.4 7.73 8.63 12.4 7.26 4.93 5.95 11.3 12.2 10.27
    Hf 0.53 0.13 0.44 0.24 0.25 0.35 0.22 0.15 0.19 0.32 0.34 0.29
    Sn 1.01 1.19 0.65 0.89 0.95 0.65 0.7 1.03 0.71 0.58 24.5 2.99
    Sb 0.26 0.18 0.37 1.04 0.24 0.24 0.21 0.77 2.08 0.56 0.96 0.63
    Ti 327 184 395 185 182 232 116 182 142 298 294 230.64
    W 2.09 1.4 2.01 4.01 1.62 1.67 2.34 2.46 2.11 2.94 2.67 2.3
    As 0.83 0.95 0.95 4.86 0.77 0.82 1.02 1.36 1.25 1.48 3.44 1.61
    V 18.4 24.6 26.9 29.7 28.3 11.4 10.7 7.02 23.8 9.53 8.05 18.04
    La 5.35 2.93 4.83 2.54 4.05 12.1 2.98 27.4 1.43 2.05 7.62 6.66
    Ce 8.37 4.6 9.05 5 7.79 18.9 5.49 50.1 2.63 3.73 13.2 11.71
    Pr 0.95 0.62 1.08 0.57 0.84 2.27 0.55 5.3 0.29 0.41 1.31 1.29
    Nd 3.46 2.71 4.18 2.21 3.12 8.03 1.96 18.5 1.13 1.59 4.49 4.67
    Sm 0.72 0.55 0.81 0.43 0.55 1.57 0.34 3.91 0.21 0.4 0.87 0.94
    Eu 0.12 0.08 0.11 <0.05 0.12 0.24 <0.05 0.48 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.19
    Gd 0.82 0.64 0.88 0.47 0.54 1.63 0.37 3.68 0.23 0.41 0.91 0.96
    Tb 0.13 0.1 0.13 0.08 0.08 0.23 0.06 0.52 <0.05 0.07 0.16 0.16
    Dy 0.86 0.64 0.82 0.6 0.52 1.53 0.38 2.77 0.27 0.43 0.99 0.89
    Ho 0.2 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.12 0.36 0.09 0.49 0.07 0.09 0.21 0.19
    Er 0.67 0.6 0.5 0.54 0.41 1.14 0.29 1.3 0.25 0.32 0.6 0.6
    Tm 0.1 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.17 0.05 0.17 <0.05 <0.05 0.09 0.1
    Yb 0.62 0.6 0.45 0.59 0.48 1.02 0.37 1.14 0.34 0.28 0.57 0.59
    Sc 2.2 2.55 2.44 3.89 2.15 2.22 1.76 1.62 1.53 2.39 1.99 2.25
    Y 10 6.86 5.68 5.46 3.88 16 3.21 14.9 2.45 3.44 6.1 7.09
    δEu 0.48 0.41 0.4 0.17 0.66 0.45 0.21 0.38 0.35 0.19 0.09 0.34
    LREE 18.97 11.49 20.06 10.775 16.47 43.11 11.35 105.69 5.72 8.21 27.52 25.4
    HREE 3.5 2.94 3.09 2.6 2.29 6.23 1.67 10.24 1.21 1.6 3.61 3.54
    ∑REE 22.47 14.43 23.15 13.375 18.76 49.34 13.02 115.93 6.93 9.81 31.13 28.94
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    表 3  戈壁料软玉中锆石SHRIMP测试分析结果

    Table 3.  SHRIMP analysis of zircon in Gobi nephrite, Xinjiang

    测点号 206Pbc
    (%)    		 U
    (μg/g)    		 Th
    (μg/g)    		 206Pb*
    (μg/g)    		 Th/U 207Pb*/206Pb* 207Pb*/235U 206Pb*/238U 206Pb/238U
    年龄(Ma)
    RQGB-01-6 2.36 486 281 0.62 2.45 164.6±2.2 0.0564±4.1 38.16±0.90 37.91±0.99
    RQGB-01-7 - 780 459 0.61 4.22 159.1±1.9 0.0495±3.7 40.44±0.76 39.65±0.86
    RQGB-01-8 0.05 2988 3323 1.15 16.3 157.7±2 0.0456±4.9 40.72±0.83 41.2±1.10
    RQGB-01-5 - 356 141 0.41 1.93 158.3±2.1 0.0523±5.7 42.1±1.10 39.43±0.93
    RQGB-01-1 2.48 1037 814 0.81 6.07 146.7±1.9 0.0512±3.3 42.75±0.88 43.6±1.30
    RQGB-01-3 0.26 8294 10380 1.29 64.8 109.9±4.1 0.04901±0.96 58.2±2.40 57.3 ±3.20
    RQGB-01-2 0.08 821 85 0.11 55.6 12.68±1.8 0.05703±0.99 489.0±8.40 489.2±8.50
    RQGB-01-4 0.12 726 56 0.08 49.9 12.51±2 0.05738±1 495.4±9.50 495.2±9.70
    RQGB-08-1 0.05 1642 312 0.2 109 12.96±1.4 0.05812±0.77 478.9±6.6 479.2±6.8
    RQGB-09-1 0.06 931 15 0.02 282 2.836±1.5 0.12349±0.36 1946±26 1947±26
    RQGB-09-2 0.3 859 531 0.64 221 3.338±1.6 0.1213±0.41 1685±24 1664±26
    RQGB-09-3 0.03 583 54 0.1 131 3.832±1.6 0.11621±0.55 1494±21 1487±21
    RQGB-09-4 0.04 632 23 0.04 165 3.297±1.5 0.11487±0.47 1707±23 1707±23
    RQGB-09-5 0.02 444 42 0.1 177 2.152±1.5 0.1949±0.37 2460±32 2459±32
    RQGB-09-6 0.15 355 50 0.15 76 4.013±1.8 0.11583±0.72 1432±23 1420±24
    RQGB-09-7 0.35 413 98 0.25 91.4 3.883±1.8 0.12792±0.64 1473±24 1451±25
    RQGB-09-8 0.01 934 190 0.21 300 2.676±1.5 0.14137±0.69 2046±27 2048±27
    RQGB-09-9 0.17 319 38 0.12 85.8 3.198±2.1 0.1229±1.5 1751±32 1749±33
    RQGB-09-10 0.44 502 416 0.86 56.1 7.69±1.6 0.06672±1 785±11 789±13
    注：206Pbc和206Pb*分别表示普通铅和放射性成因铅；普通铅根据实测204Pb进行校正。
    下载: 导出CSV
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