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摘要: 随着我国沿海经济的快速发展，人类活动强度不断加剧，对海洋生态系统的干扰和破坏不断加剧。为了解海州湾近岸海域水质状况，本文于2016年4月、9月对海州湾近岸海域表层海水的温度、盐度、pH值、悬浮物（SS）、溶解氧（DO）、化学需氧量（CODMn）、亚硝酸盐（NO2--N）、硝酸盐（NO3--N）、铵氮（NH4+-N）、活性磷酸盐（PO43--P）、铜、铅、锌、镉、石油类等指标进行了两次采样调查，应用分光光度法和ICP-MS等技术分析各指标；应用单因子法、富营养化指数法和有机污染指数法对该海域海水的质量状况进行了评价分析，以期为研究区环境预警、环境管理和保护提供依据。结果表明：研究海域表层海水中CODMn在4月均值为1.34mg/L，9月为1.22mg/L；石油类4月均值为0.031mg/L，9月为0.034mg/L；活性磷酸盐4月均值为0.013mg/L，9月为0.012mg/L；溶解无机氮4月均值为0.34mg/L，9月为0.16mg/L；CODMn、石油类、活性磷酸盐、溶解无机氮的质量浓度大致呈现出由西南部向东北部海域降低的趋势，且无机氮总体浓度水平较高，为该海域主要的污染物。根据营养化评价模式和有机污染指数计算结果，本研究认为海州湾近岸海域表层水质总体营养水平较高，处于氮限制的潜在性富营养水平，有机污染程度属于Ⅱ级，水质已受到污染。Abstract:
BACKGROUNDWith the rapid development of China's coastal economy, the intensity of human activity is increasing. The disturbance and damage to the marine ecosystem are becoming increasingly serious. In order to understand the water quality of the coastal waters of Haizhou Bay, the survey of surface seawater quality in Haizhou Bay was carried out in April and September, 2016. Hydrochemistry factors including temperature, salinity, pH, SS, DO, CODMn, NO2--N, NO3--N, NH4+-N, PO43--P, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and oils were surveyed. OBJECTIVESTo explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and pollution level in the coastal waters of Haizhou Bay. METHODSThe indexes were analyzed by spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Based on the single factor method, evaluation mode of eutrophication and organic pollution index, the water quality has been evaluated. RESULTSThe average value of CODMn in the surface seawater of the study sea area was 1.34mg/L in April and 1.22mg/L in September. The average value of petroleum in April was 0.031mg/L, and that in September was 0.034mg/L. The average value of active phosphate was 0.013mg/L in April and 0.012mg/L in September. The average value of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in April was 0.34mg/L and in September was 0.16mg/L. The concentrations of CODMn, petroleum, active phosphate and dissolved inorganic nitrogen showed the decreasing trend from the southwest to the northeast. Moreover, the overall concentration of inorganic nitrogen was higher, which was the main pollutant in the sea area. CONCLUSIONSAccording to the eutrophication evaluation model and the results of organic pollution index calculation, this study demonstrates that the overall nutrient level of surface water quality in the coastal waters of Haizhou Bay is relatively high, and it reaches the potential eutrophication level of nitrogen limitation. The degree of organic pollution belongs to GradeⅡ, indicating the level of pollution in the water. -
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表 1 2016年4月和9月海州湾水质监测数据
Table 1. Monitoring data of sea water quality in Haizhou Bay in April and September, 2016
监测项目 4月 9月 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 水温(℃) 13.89 18.21 16.30 20.03 21.28 20.65 SS(mg/L) 27.7 272.1 96.05 1.33 30.52 15.22 CODMn(mg/L) 0.53 1.97 1.34 0.77 1.79 1.22 DO(mg/L) 7.59 8.88 8.25 6.31 8.39 7.44 pH 7.87 8.39 8.12 7.79 8.28 8.01 石油类(mg/L) 0.026 0.047 0.031 0.011 0.047 0.034 盐度 29.23 29.96 29.56 28.49 29.89 29.23 DIP(mg/L) 0.002 0.036 0.013 0.003 0.017 0.012 DIN(mg/L) 0.13 1.58 0.34 0.01 0.22 0.16 Cu(μg/L) 1.55 3.34 2.29 1.46 3.79 2.00 Pb(μg/L) 0.46 0.79 0.64 0.23 0.81 0.36 Zn(μg/L) 3.58 9.48 5.58 6.21 15.37 8.96 Cd(μg/L) 0.09 0.16 0.12 0.1 0.19 0.14 
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表 2 海州湾表层海水各富营养化指数、污染指数和有机污染指数
Table 2. Eutrophication, pollution indexes and organic pollution indexes of surface seawater in Haizhou Bay
站位 2016年4月 2016年9月 CODMn
(mg/L)DIN
(mg/L)DIP
(mg/L)pH DO
(mg/L)石油类
(mg/L)Cu
(μg/L)Pb
(μg/L)Zn
(μg/L)Cd
(μg/L)E N/P A CODMn
(mg/L)DIN
(mg/L)DIP
(mg/L)pH DO
(mg/L)石油类
(mg/L)Cu
(μg/L)Pb
(μg/L)Zn
(μg/L)Cd
(μg/L)E N/P A H1 0.44 0.50 0.60 0.71 0.08 0.13 0.33 0.14 0.18 0.03 0.79 1.85 1.46 0.49 0.63 0.30 1.03 0.01 0.14 0.38 0.14 0.31 0.02 0.56 4.67 1.41 H2 0.39 5.27 0.43 0.80 0.02 0.10 0.27 0.16 0.14 0.03 5.39 26.91 6.07 0.26 0.47 0.43 0.40 0.14 0.07 0.19 0.06 0.28 0.03 0.31 2.38 1.02 H3 0.49 0.70 0.30 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.23 0.15 0.11 0.03 0.62 5.17 1.40 0.40 0.43 0.33 0.49 0.22 0.15 0.20 0.05 0.18 0.03 0.35 2.88 0.94 H4 0.42 0.47 0.20 0.29 0.03 0.09 0.20 0.13 0.07 0.03 0.24 5.17 1.06 0.60 0.70 0.50 0.37 0.97 0.13 0.20 0.07 0.23 0.04 1.25 3.10 0.83 H5 0.66 0.70 0.13 0.69 0.25 0.10 0.25 0.15 0.12 0.02 0.37 11.63 1.24 0.40 0.70 0.53 0.01 0.13 0.10 0.22 0.06 0.14 0.03 0.89 2.91 1.50 H6 0.37 0.53 0.70 0.43 0.01 0.11 0.33 0.14 0.17 0.03 0.84 1.69 1.60 0.51 0.33 0.17 0.54 0.01 0.13 0.20 0.07 0.19 0.03 0.17 4.43 1.00 H7 0.43 0.60 0.07 0.01 0.12 0.16 0.17 0.09 0.09 0.02 0.10 19.93 0.98 0.39 0.70 0.43 0.37 0.29 0.04 0.17 0.06 0.18 0.02 0.72 3.58 1.23 H8 0.45 0.43 1.20 0.14 0.14 0.09 0.17 0.11 0.09 0.03 1.41 0.80 1.94 0.37 0.73 0.57 0.01 0.17 0.08 0.19 0.05 0.12 0.03 0.92 2.87 1.50 H9 0.57 0.83 0.37 0.40 0.16 0.10 0.27 0.12 0.11 0.02 1.05 5.03 1.61 0.40 0.60 0.37 0.26 0.21 0.16 0.20 0.07 0.14 0.03 0.53 3.62 1.16 H10 0.56 0.67 0.23 0.09 0.12 0.09 0.30 0.14 0.19 0.02 0.52 6.33 1.34 0.36 0.63 0.53 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.26 0.06 0.15 0.03 0.73 2.63 1.41 H11 0.58 1.23 0.47 0.43 0.01 0.09 0.23 0.14 0.08 0.03 1.99 5.85 2.28 0.40 0.30 0.27 0.26 0.05 0.15 0.21 0.05 0.23 0.03 0.19 2.49 0.92 H12 0.41 0.47 0.43 0.09 0.30 0.09 0.33 0.15 0.15 0.02 0.50 2.38 1.01 0.38 0.43 0.37 0.57 0.18 0.10 0.18 0.05 0.17 0.03 0.36 2.62 1.00 H13 0.38 0.57 0.30 0.46 0.04 0.09 0.16 0.10 0.08 0.02 0.39 4.18 1.21 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.51 0.11 0.15 0.20 0.16 0.14 0.03 0.61 2.21 1.29 H14 0.36 2.97 0.77 0.37 0.16 0.09 0.18 0.10 0.08 0.02 4.91 8.57 3.94 0.33 0.60 0.43 0.80 0.07 0.12 0.19 0.07 0.17 0.02 0.51 3.07 1.29 H15 0.44 2.23 0.70 0.09 0.02 0.10 0.18 0.11 0.09 0.02 4.13 7.06 3.35 0.44 0.60 0.40 0.63 0.09 0.13 0.19 0.07 0.15 0.02 0.63 3.32 1.35 H16 0.40 0.60 0.33 0.57 0.03 0.11 0.24 0.12 0.07 0.02 0.48 3.99 1.30 0.40 0.03 0.17 0.80 0.25 0.14 0.16 0.06 0.17 0.03 0.01 0.44 0.35 H17 0.18 0.50 0.67 0.29 0.19 0.12 0.19 0.13 0.15 0.02 0.35 1.66 1.16 0.33 0.13 0.10 0.54 0.28 0.11 0.15 0.11 0.19 0.03 0.03 2.95 0.28 H18 0.36 1.10 0.40 0.49 0.10 0.09 0.19 0.13 0.07 0.02 0.96 6.09 1.76 0.35 0.67 0.50 0.14 0.04 0.08 0.19 0.05 0.15 0.02 0.69 2.95 1.48 H19 0.57 1.23 0.37 0.11 0.06 0.11 0.19 0.13 0.10 0.02 1.55 7.45 2.11 0.44 0.63 0.47 0.26 0.05 0.09 0.18 0.06 0.15 0.02 0.77 3.01 1.49 H20 0.44 1.37 0.23 0.46 0.02 0.12 0.18 0.13 0.11 0.02 0.85 12.97 2.02 0.47 0.63 0.40 0.77 0.09 0.08 0.17 0.09 0.15 0.02 0.72 3.51 1.41 最大值 0.66 5.27 1.2 0.80 0.30 0.16 0.33 0.16 0.19 0.03 5.39 26.91 6.07 0.6 0.73 0.57 1.03 0.97 0.16 0.38 0.16 0.31 0.04 1.25 4.67 1.50 最小值 0.18 0.43 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.16 0.09 0.07 0.02 0.10 0.8 0.98 0.26 0.03 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.15 0.05 0.12 0.02 0.01 0.44 0.28 平均值 0.45 1.15 0.45 0.35 0.10 0.10 0.23 0.13 0.11 0.023 1.37 7.24 1.94 0.41 0.52 0.39 0.44 0.17 0.11 0.20 0.07 0.18 0.03 0.55 2.98 1.14
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