Pollution and Distribution Characteristics of Pesticides in Groundwater in the Alluvial-Pluvial Fan of the Hutuo River, Haihe River Basin
-
摘要: 地下水是海河流域滹沱河冲洪积扇重要的饮用水水源，农业种植过程中施用的农药会导致地下水污染，该地区地下水中农药的污染调查工作相对匮乏。为了研究滹沱河冲洪积扇地下水中农药的污染及分布特征，本文利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了30组地下水样品中75种农药组分，用统计学方法对结果进行分析。结果显示：30个采样点中均有农药检出，检测的75种农药中检出40种，有机氯、有机磷、有机氮三类均有检出。检出率最高的为3-羟基呋喃丹（93.3%）、敌杀磷（90.0%）、地茂散（90.0%），30个样品检出浓度之和最大的为呋喃丹（4860.6ng/L）。研究区内三类农药平均检出浓度有机氯（70.8ng/L） < 有机磷（392.7ng/L） < 有机氮（580.9ng/L），这主要与三类农药的使用历程和性质相关：有机氯类农药由于其高毒、难降解等特性在1983年被禁用；21世纪初，相对高效、易降解的有机磷类和有机氮类农药应用广泛。三类农药的空间分布特征为从冲洪积扇顶部到中部，农药含量逐渐减少，这主要受冲洪积扇水文地质特征的影响。研究区内HCHs来源为近期林丹使用或HCHs工业降解，DDTs来源为新DDT源的释放或历史上的使用。研究结果可为我国地下水农药的污染监测和地下水相关标准制定提供数据支撑。Abstract:
BACKGROUNDGroundwater is the primary drinking water source in the alluvial-pluvial fan of the Hutuo River. Pesticides application during agricultural planting leads to groundwater pollution. The pesticide pollution investigation work of this area in groundwater is relatively scarce. OBJECTIVESTo study the pollution and distribution characteristics of pesticides in groundwater collected in the alluvial-pluvial fan of the Hutuo River. METHODSGas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was used to analyze 75 pesticides in 30 groups of groundwater samples, and the results were investigated by statistical methods. RESULTSThe results show that pesticides were detected in all 30 sampling sites. 40 of 75 pesticides were detected, which include organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, and organic nitrogen pesticides. The pesticides with the highest detection frequency were 3-hydroxycarburan (93.3%), dioxathion (90.0%) and chloroneb (90.0%). The pesticide with the maximum sum detection concentration of 30 samples was carbofuran (4860.6ng/L). The average detected concentrations of three pesticide types in the study area were 70.8ng/L for organochlorine pesticides, 392.7ng/L for organophosphorus pesticides, and 580.9ng/L for organic nitrogen pesti-cides, which is related to the application history and property of three pesticide types. CONCLUSIONSOrganochlorine pesticides were banned in 1983 due to their high toxicity and hard degradation. At the beginning of the 21st century, relatively efficient and easily degradable organophosphorus pesticides and organic nitrogen pesticides developed rapidly. From the top to the middle of the alluvial fan, the concentration of the three pesticide types decreased gradually. The spatial distribution characteristics of pesticides were mainly influenced by the hydrogeological characteristics of the alluvial fan. HCHs in the area were from the recent using of lindan or industrial degradation of HCHs, DDTs were from the release of new DDT or historical ultilization. The research results provide basic data support for groundwater pesticides pollution monitoring and groundwater-related standard formulation in China. -
-
表 1 研究区40种农药的检出情况
Table 1. The detection of 40 pesticides in the study area
农药分类 污染物名称 CAS号 检出浓度(ng/L) 平均值(ng/L) 标准偏差(ng/L) α-HCH 319-84-6 ND~116.8 11.9 21.1 β-HCH 319-85-7 ND~209.5 23.6 37.7 γ-HCH 58-89-9 ND~446.0 180.7 82.2 δ-HCH 319-86-8 ND~14.5 8.3 3.5 4, 4-DDD 72-54-8 ND~5.4 3.0 1.5 4, 4-DDT 50-29-3 ND~7.7 5.4 2.3 有机氯 七氯 76-44-8 ND~25.5 9.0 5.9 环氧七氯 1024-57-3 ND~4.5 4.5 0.8 硫丹Ⅰ 959-98-8 ND~101.9 25.9 20.4 硫丹硫酸盐 1031-07-8 ND~39.6 20.8 9.3 狄氏剂 60-57-1 ND~2.1 2.1 0.4 甲氧氯 72-43-5 ND~21.0 11.4 5.7 地茂散 2675-77-6 ND~15.4 5.5 4.3 敌杀磷 78-34-2 ND~198.8 83.9 57.0 二嗪农 333-41-5 ND~37.8 10.8 8.9 乐果 60-51-5 ND~288.2 231.4 116.7 硫磷嗪 297-97-2 ND~89.6 60.4 33.9 敌敌畏 62-73-7 ND~53.7 29.5 16.1 马拉松 121-75-5 ND~223.2 72.6 48.0 氨磺磷 52-85-7 ND~51.9 33.9 16.7 硫丙磷 35400-43-2 ND~981.1 283.0 182.8 有机磷 速灭磷 7786-34-7 ND~258.8 228.3 86.8 毒壤磷 327-98-0 ND~9.9 5.3 2.1 倍硫磷 55-38-9 ND~3.0 2.2 0.8 丰索磷 115-90-2 ND~20.8 20.5 5.2 毒死蜱 2921-88-2 ND~5.6 5.6 1.4 杀螟松 122-14-5 ND~164.6 164.6 30.0 丙硫特普 3244-90-4 ND~112.9 112.9 20.6 毒虫畏 22248-79-9 ND~35.2 35.2 6.4 丙硫磷 34643-46-4 ND~24.4 24.2 4.4 3-羟基呋喃丹 1655-82-6 ND~299.0 133.5 68.3 莠去津 1912-24-9 ND~91.0 29.2 26.0 灭多虫 16752-65-7 ND~1154.9 157.0 204.0 呋喃丹 1563-66-2 ND~368.0 255.8 129.7 有机氮 草净津 21725-46-2 ND~54.0 31.2 19.6 嗪草酮 21087-64-9 ND~31.7 14.7 8.8 异丙甲草胺 51218-45-2 ND~3067.5 772.8 559.9 猛杀威 2631-37-0 ND~190.22 179.5 45.6 甲草胺 15972-60-8 ND~14.5 13.6 3.5 西玛津 122-34-9 ND~179.0 178.9 32.7 注：ND表示未检出。 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] Zheng S L, Chen B, Qiu X Y, et al.Distribution and risk assessment of 82 pesticides in Jiulong River and estuary in South China[J].Chemosphere, 2016, 144:1177-1192. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.050
[2] 陈卫平, 彭程伟, 杨阳, 等.北京市地下水有机氯和有机磷农药健康风险评价[J].环境科学, 2018, 39(1):117-122. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hjkx201801014
Chen W P, Peng C W, Yang Y, et al.Health risk evaluation of organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides in groundwater in Beijing[J].Environmental Science, 2018, 39(1):117-122. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hjkx201801014
[3] Grung M, Yan L, Hua Z, et al.Pesticide levels and envi-ronmental risk in aquatic environments in China-A review[J].Environment International, 2015, 81:87-97. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.013
[4] 王灿灿, 陈旭, 冯剑丰, 等.有机氯农药在东方白鹳组织里的浓度[J].中国环境科学, 2016, 36(9):2807-2814. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2016.09.040
Wang C C, Chen X, Feng J F, et al.The concentration of OCPs in the tissue of oriental white stork[J].China Environmental Science, 2016, 36(9):2807-2814. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2016.09.040
[5] Li Y Y, Niu J F, Shen Z Y, et al.Spatial and seasonal distribution of organochlorine pesticides in the sediments of the Yangtze Estuary[J].Chemosphere, 2014, 114(22):233-240. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=585512de89e17a636c7be7c32df5a402
[6] Rissato S R, Galhiane M S, Ximenes V F, et al.Organo-chlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in soil and water samples in the Northeastern part of Sao Paulo State, Brazil[J].Chemosphere, 2006, 65(11):1949-1958. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.07.011
[7] Liu J, Qi S H, Yao J, et al.Contamination characteristics of organochlorine pesticides in multimatrix sampling of the Hanjiang River Basin, Southeast China[J].Chemosphere, 2016, 163:35-43. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.040
[8] 王未, 黄从建, 张满成, 等.我国区域性水体农药污染现状研究分析[J].环境保护科学, 2013, 39(5):5-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6216.2013.05.002
Wang W, Huang C J, Zhang M C, et al.Study on status of regional water pollution by pesticides in China[J].Environmental Protection Science, 2013, 39(5):5-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6216.2013.05.002
[9] 王建伟, 张彩香, 潘真真, 等.江汉平原地下水中有机磷农药的分布特征及影响因素[J].中国环境科学, 2016, 36(10):3089-3098. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2016.10.037
Wang J W, Zhang C X, Pan Z Z, et al.Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of organophosphorus pesticides in Jianghan plain groundwater[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016, 36(10):3089-3098. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2016.10.037
[10] Wu C F, Luo Y M, Gui T, et al.Characteristics and potential health hazards of organochlorine pesticides in shallow groundwater of two cities in the Yangtze River Delta[J].CLEAN-Soil, Air, Water, 2014, 42(7):923-931. doi: 10.1002/clen.v42.7
[11] Navarrete I A, Tee K A M, Unson J R S, et al.Organo-chlorine pesticide residues in surface water and groundwater along Pampanga River, Philippines[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2018, 190(5):289. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6680-9
[12] Chaza C, Sopheak N, Mariam H, et al.Assessment of pe-sticide contamination in Akkar groundwater, Northern Lebanon[J]. Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2017, 25(1-4):1-11. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11356-017-8568-6
[13] 刘琰, 乔肖翠, 江秋枫, 等.滹沱河冲洪积扇地下水硝酸盐含量的空间分布特征及影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(5):947-954. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nyhjbh201605021
Liu Y, Qiao X C, Jiang Q F, et al.Spatial distribution and influencing factors of nitrate content in groundwater of alluvial-pluvial fan of Hutuo River[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35(5):947-954. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/nyhjbh201605021
[14] 史入宇, 崔亚莉, 赵婕, 等.滹沱河地区地下水适宜水位研究[J].水文地质工程地质, 2013, 40(2):36-41. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/swdzgcdz201302007
Shi R Y, Cui Y L, Zhao J, et al.A study of the suitable groundwater level of the Hutuo River area[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2013, 40(2):36-41. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/swdzgcdz201302007
[15] 茹淑华, 张国印, 孙世友, 等.河北省地下水硝酸盐污染总体状况及时空变异规律[J].农业资源与环境学报, 2013, 35(5):48-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4944.2013.05.011
Ru S H, Zhang G Y, Sun S Y, et al.Status of the contamination and spatial-temporal variations of nitrate in groundwater of Heibei Province, China[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2013, 35(5):48-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-4944.2013.05.011
[16] 白雪媛.地下水中82种农药测试方法开发与应用[D].北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2017.
http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-11415-1017125836.htm Bai X Y.Development and Application for Test Method of 82 Kinds of Pesticides in Groundwater[D].Beijing: China University of Geoscience (Beijing), 2017.
[17] 贺红武.有机磷农药产业的现状与发展趋势[J].世界农药, 2008, 30(6):29-33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6485.2008.06.005
He H W.Current situation and development trend of organophosphorus pesticide industry[J].World Pesticides, 2008, 30(6):29-33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6485.2008.06.005
[18] 高秋生, 焦立新, 杨柳, 等.白洋淀典型持久性有机污染物污染特征与风险评估[J].环境科学, 2018, 39(4):1616-1627. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hjkx201804021
Gao Q S, Jiao L X, Yang L, et al.Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of typical persistent organic pollutants in Baiyangdian Lake[J].Environmental Science, 2018, 39(4):1616-1627. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hjkx201804021
[19] 刘翠翠, 何洁妮, 仇雁翎, 等.黄浦江水相中有机氯农药的污染特征分析[J].环境化学, 2017, 36(4):849-857. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hjhx201704019
Liu C C, He J N, Qiu Y L, et al.Pollution status analysis of organochlorine pesticides in Huangpu River water[J].Environmental Chemistry, 2017, 36(4):849-857. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hjhx201704019
[20] WalkerK, Vallero D A, Lewis R G.Factors influencing the distribution of lindane and other hexa-chlorocy-clohexanes in the environment[J].Environmental Science & Technology, 1999, 33(24):4373-4378.
[21] 张文静.三氯杀螨醇生产过程中的DDT环境排放研究[J].安全与环境学报, 2012, 12(2):130-133. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6094.2012.02.030
Zhang W J.DDT release in the dicofol production process[J].Journal of Safety and Environment, 2012, 12(2):130-133. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6094.2012.02.030
[22] Qiu X H, Zhu T, Yao B, et al.Contribution of dicofol to the current DDT pollution in China[J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2005, 39(12):4385-4390. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/NSTLQK/10.1021-es050486p/
[23] Bhalerao T S, Puranik P R.Biodegradation of organochlo-rine pesticide, endosulfan, by a fungal soil isolate, Aspergillus Niger[J].International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2007, 59(4):315-321.
[24] Fujii Y, Ito Y, Harada K H, et al.Comparative survey of levels of chlorinated cyclodiene pesticides in breast milk from some cities of China, Korea and Japan[J].Chemosphere, 2012, 89(4):452-457. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.098
-
图(5)
表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1316
- PDF下载数: 84
- 施引文献: 0