Distribution and Migration Characteristics of Selenium in the Soil-Plant System of Paddy Fields in the Pearl River Delta, Yamen Town
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摘要: 硒在自然环境中的分布及迁移规律一直是研究热点。多目标区域地球化学调查成果表明，珠三角地区土壤硒含量较为丰富，适宜富硒特色农产品种植，但土壤-植物系统中硒的迁移转化规律尚不清楚。本文以典型富硒区-江门市崖门镇为例，系统采集了岩石、风化土、稻田土壤、浅层地下水、灌溉水及水稻样品，应用原子荧光光谱法进行硒含量测试，探讨土壤-植物系统中硒元素分布特征及迁移规律。结果表明：崖门镇花岗岩、花岗岩风化土、稻田表层土壤、剖面土壤、浅层地下水、灌溉水、大米硒含量平均值分别为0.0208mg/kg、0.2325mg/kg、0.5060mg/kg、0.83mg/kg、0.0003mg/L、0.0004mg/L、0.058mg/kg，表层土壤硒含量与珠江三角洲土壤地球化学背景值（0.51mg/kg）相当，大米硒含量达到富硒稻谷标准。土壤-植物系统中硒元素迁移规律为：土壤剖面硒元素向下部迁移，沿径流方向硒向下游迁移。土壤硒较易向水稻根部迁移，较难从根部向水稻地上部分迁移。本研究获得的土壤-植物系统硒元素分布与迁移规律可为该地区富硒资源开发利用提供科学依据。Abstract:
BACKGROUNDThe distribution and migration of selenium in the natural environment is a hot topic. The results of a multi-purpose, regional, geochemical survey showed that the content of selenium in the Pearl River Delta Region soils was relatively high, which was suitable for the planting of selenium-rich agricultural products. However, the rule of selenium migration and transformation in the soil-plant system is not yet clear. OBJECTIVESTo understand the distribution and migration of selenium in the soil-plant system. METHODSTaking Yamen Town, Jiangmen City, a typical selenium-rich area in the Pearl River Delta region as an example, selenium contents in rocks, weathered soils, paddy soils, shallow groundwater, irrigation water and rice samples were analyzed by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. RESULTSThe mean selenium concentrations in the granite rocks, granite weathered soils, surface soils, profile soils, shallow groundwater, irrigation water and rice of Yamen Town were 0.0208mg/kg, 0.2325mg/kg, 0.5060mg/kg, 0.83mg/kg, 0.0003mg/L, 0.0004mg/L and 0.058mg/kg, respectively. The selenium contents in surface soils were equivalent to the soil background value of the Pearl River Delta (0.51mg/kg), the selenium contents of rice reached the standard of selenium-rich rice. CONCLUSIONSThe rules of selenium migration in the soil-plant system are as follows:selenium migrates downward in the soil profiles, and migrates downstream along the direction of groundwater runoff. Soil selenium migrates to rice root easily, but migrates with difficulty from roots to the overground parts of rice. The study on the distribution and migration of selenium in the soil-plant system can provide a scientific basis for the exploitation and utilization of selenium-rich resources in this area. -
Key words:
- paddy field /
- selenium /
- atomic fluorescence spectrometry /
- soil-plant system /
- distribution /
- migration
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表 1 研究区土壤和水体硒及重金属含量描述性统计
Table 1. Descriptive statistics of selenium and heavy metal concentrations in soil and water of study area
样品类型 测试参数 Se Cu Pb Zn Cr Ni Cd As Hg 表层土壤样品 平均值(mg/kg) 0.5060 26.9200 51.5900 55.9700 30.2300 13.3870 0.2200 5.4390 0.1981 (n=10) 变异系数(%) 47.5241 42.6776 78.9071 29.0042 47.9257 43.2912 21.3201 46.7499 50.4596 剖面(0~20cm) 平均值(mg/kg) 0.3500 21.0700 27.0000 48.5000 22.3300 10.9600 0.2000 4.9700 0.1900 土壤样品(n=3) 变异系数(%) 17.2900 33.4500 38.9700 42.9500 35.7000 38.8500 30.4100 28.9000 55.0100 剖面(20~40cm) 平均值(mg/kg) 0.4233 10.4667 26.1333 27.7333 13.9667 6.5800 0.1500 3.2600 0.1607 土壤样品(n=3) 变异系数(%) 50.6820 30.2238 41.9914 39.9596 3.3836 21.3481 17.6383 34.5361 69.7577 剖面(40~60cm) 平均值(mg/kg) 1.5567 10.4467 31.5667 36.1667 26.9333 9.8933 0.1667 4.4800 0.2020 土壤样品(n=3) 变异系数(%) 57.7170 34.3896 1.8562 19.4933 33.0786 30.4311 18.3303 75.2030 93.8403 剖面(60~80cm) 平均值(mg/kg) 0.9867 8.1500 26.2333 35.8333 23.9667 10.0167 0.1467 5.4200 0.1430 土壤样品(n=3) 变异系数(%) 55.6726 29.0388 40.6045 30.3152 34.0544 55.3363 20.8299 98.0820 76.9135 浅层地下水 平均值(mg/L) 0.0003 0.0030 0.0014 0.01135 0.0145 0.0015 0.0002 ＜0.0001 ＜0.00005 样品(n=2) 变异系数(%) 0.0000 64.7100 70.7100 70.4000 4.8800 18.8600 47.1400 - - 灌溉水样品 平均值(mg/L) 0.0004 0.0019 0.0004 0.0121 0.0025 0.0009 < 0.0001 0.0005 < 0.00005 (n=4) 变异系数(%) 20.4124 40.3200 70.7100 46.4700 14.9500 20.2900 - 74.8300 - 注:n为样品组数，“-”表示无相关数据。 
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表 2 岩石和风化土中Se含量
Table 2. Selenium concentrations of rocks and weathered soils
花岗岩样品 Se含量
(mg/kg)花岗岩1 0.025 花岗岩2 0.019 花岗岩3 0.020 花岗岩4 0.019 风化土1 0.30 风化土2 0.12 风化土3 0.17 风化土4 0.34
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表 3 水稻不同部位硒含量
Table 3. Analytical results of selenium in different parts of rice
样品介质 Se含量(mg/kg) 平均值(n=10) 最大值(n=10) 最小值(n=10) 水稻根 0.320 0.360 0.300 水稻茎叶 0.075 0.090 0.054 大米 0.058 0.072 0.045 水稻稻壳 0.053 0.072 0.038
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