The Heavy Metal Distribution and Mineralogical Characteristics of Surface Sediments in Chengdu City
-
摘要: 城市地表沉积物已成为城市环境污染的重要组成部分，是城市环境中各种污染物的"源"和"汇"，通过研究城市地表沉积物的物化及矿物学特征对城市环境质量的监测具有良好的指示作用。本文在成都市中心城区不同区域采集40件地表沉积物样品，利用激光粒度分析仪、扫描电镜能谱和X射线衍射等技术分析研究了地表沉积物的粒径分布特征、重金属分布特征、矿物组成特征及微区形貌特征。结果表明：地表沉积物粒径的质量和体积分布特征具有较高一致性，均以中细颗粒物为主，其中小于0.3mm的地表沉积物占总质量或体积的70%以上，小于0.125mm的地表沉积物占总质量或体积的40%左右；Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Hg、Cr、Cd、Ni等重金属随着沉积物粒径的减小而呈明显增加的趋势，主要存在于小于0.125mm粒径的沉积物中，同时在成都市中心城区各方位区域和各环路区域的分布上存在一定的差异；Si、Ca、K、Na等造岩元素在不同粒径级别沉积物中都大量存在；地表沉积物矿物组成主要是石英、长石类、方解石等，且各类矿物在不同粒径级别沉积物中所占含量大致相当，但细粒径矿物表现出胶体行为，极易吸附各种微量重金属。研究认为，城市地表沉积物的粒径分布特征和矿物组成特征是影响重金属在沉积物中分布的内在因素，而人类活动是决定地表沉积物重金属污染程度的关键因素。Abstract:
BACKGROUNDUrban surface sediments, the source and aggregation of various pollutants in the urban environment, have become an important part of urban environmental pollution. It is of significance in urban environment monitoring to study the physicochemical and mineralogical characteristics of urban surface sediments. OBJECTIVESTo investigate the particle size distribution, heavy metals distribution mineral compositions and topographic characteristics of surface sediments in Chengdu City. METHODS40 surface sediment samples were collected from different areas in Chengdu City. Physicochemical and mineralogical characteristics of urban surface sediments were studied by the comprehensive analysis and mutual verification of various technical means and disciplines, such as laser particle size analyzer, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy with EDS and X-ray diffraction. RESULTSThere was a high consistency between the mass distribution and volume distribution of surface sediment particles, which were dominated by the medium-fine particles. Particle size less than 0.3mm accounted for more than 70% of the total weight and total volume of surface sediment particles, whereas particle size less than 0.125mm accounted for about 40%. The contents of heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Hg, Cr, Cd and Ni in surface sediments increased with the decreasing particle size of sediments, which were mainly distributed in particle with size less than 0.125mm. The distribution of heavy metals varied with direction and ring roads. The rock-forming elements such as Si, Ca, K, Na were abundant in different particle size sediments. Surface sediments mainly contained minerals such as quartz, feldspar and calcite, and they had similar content in different particle size sediments. The fine-grained minerals exhibited colloidal behavior and easily adsorbed various heavy metals. CONCLUSIONSParticle size distribution and mineral composition characteristics of urban surface sediments are the internal factors affecting the distribution of heavy metals content in sediments, and human activities are the key factors controlling the degree of heavy metal pollution in surface sediments. -
-
表 1 不同粒径级别沉积物样品质量分布
Table 1. Weight distribution of surface sediments with different particle sizes
采样方位 采样区域 不同粒径级别沉积物样品质量比(%) 1~0.45mm 0.45~0.3mm 0.3~0.125mm 0.125~0.075mm ≤0.075mm 东向 一环路内道路 10.86 21.28 28.65 21.56 14.69 一环路内小区 6.97 17.87 23.62 21.77 27.06 一环~二环内道路 14.04 23.53 26.84 18.28 14.95 一环~二环内小区 19.57 24.47 22.54 16.26 13.03 二环~三环内道路 7.75 14.48 22.66 27.35 25.62 二环~三环内小区 2.17 7.05 17.42 28.25 44.55 三环外道路 19.73 24.82 19.06 13.77 16.37 三环外小区 7.08 15.99 25.50 23.72 25.59 平均值 11.02 18.69 23.29 21.37 22.73 南向 一环路内道路 11.32 21.71 26.32 19.90 15.83 一环路内小区 4.33 7.19 13.64 22.03 49.79 一环~二环内道路 12.24 25.56 23.39 20.72 13.64 一环~二环内小区 7.06 13.16 22.12 27.17 26.20 二环~三环内道路 23.75 26.90 18.38 12.78 12.33 二环~三环内小区 16.69 15.70 14.24 18.81 20.32 三环外道路 11.28 21.87 25.19 20.02 18.34 三环外小区 12.65 23.33 23.45 20.75 15.21 平均值 11.68 19.04 22.13 20.85 22.13 西向 一环路内道路 16.39 23.39 24.62 19.60 10.15 一环路内小区 12.37 27.51 26.05 17.63 12.90 一环~二环内道路 14.27 23.94 26.06 21.45 11.24 一环~二环内小区 27.67 25.78 15.73 12.65 10.97 二环~三环内道路 13.65 26.13 22.15 19.37 14.87 二环~三环内小区 9.35 14.35 19.22 21.14 27.10 三环外道路 5.07 19.36 25.94 23.19 21.24 三环外小区 11.12 27.90 23.39 17.93 18.83 平均值 12.31 20.42 22.37 20.32 20.22 北向 一环路内道路 17.64 29.08 24.83 14.23 9.85 一环路内小区 7.47 23.58 20.52 17.32 26.87 一环~二环内道路 14.32 26.59 26.83 19.45 11.21 一环~二环内小区 3.03 18.40 20.62 20.72 34.75 二环~三环内道路 13.15 25.30 24.12 20.86 14.72 二环~三环内小区 8.70 11.11 17.79 28.50 25.02 三环外道路 6.18 17.20 21.17 22.47 22.27 三环外小区 16.69 22.11 23.50 17.19 15.42 平均值 11.99 20.71 22.38 20.27 20.17 工业区 道路 5.87 21.76 23.89 25.11 15.96 道路 21.86 29.07 22.26 15.01 8.29 道路 16.50 20.17 20.48 19.47 14.87 道路 16.42 20.33 21.96 21.30 11.35 平均值 12.30 20.92 22.36 20.26 19.42 餐饮区 道路 17.25 25.76 20.61 16.82 16.25 道路 14.18 19.61 17.90 18.54 26.70 道路 9.91 13.55 15.53 18.66 39.63 道路 13.82 22.07 20.83 19.94 19.13 平均值 12.44 20.86 22.03 20.11 19.95 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 地表沉积物中重金属空间分布
Table 2. Spatial distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments
采样方位 采样位置 Ca
(%)K
(%)Na
(%)Cu
(μg/g)Pb
(μg/g)Zn
(μg/g)As
(μg/g)Hg
(μg/g)Cr(μg/g) Cd
(μg/g)Ni
(μg/g)东向 一环内 5.20 1.40 1.54 90.21 59.95 399.28 5.67 0.42 207.57 1.26 38.17 一环~二环 3.84 1.41 1.30 84.98 75.69 337.00 6.86 0.11 97.95 1.21 28.28 二环~三环 4.47 1.50 1.73 41.43 43.07 182.03 4.87 0.03 82.75 0.49 19.92 三环外 4.61 1.58 1.86 26.32 24.36 167.25 4.80 0.04 77.79 0.27 19.69 南向 一环内 4.62 1.44 1.60 133.13 73.65 351.29 6.11 0.88 129.16 1.01 28.49 一环~二环 4.27 1.38 1.29 144.88 56.27 327.02 4.71 0.59 101.70 0.93 30.68 二环~三环 5.01 1.41 1.61 126.17 380.22 380.32 7.64 0.28 184.22 1.89 27.78 三环外 6.01 1.45 1.71 128.94 122.94 396.58 4.97 0.21 162.49 1.22 31.29 西向 一环内 5.20 1.40 1.54 90.21 59.95 399.28 5.67 0.42 207.57 1.26 38.17 一环~二环 4.54 1.41 1.74 164.33 51.03 292.61 4.36 0.07 140.19 0.58 23.05 二环~三环 4.83 1.45 1.75 203.66 73.54 293.87 5.15 0.07 212.43 0.54 51.78 三环外 4.70 1.46 2.25 76.23 54.72 250.41 5.14 0.09 101.47 0.64 33.68 北向 一环内 4.62 1.44 1.60 133.13 73.65 351.29 6.11 0.89 129.16 1.01 28.49 一环~二环 5.17 1.57 2.26 76.39 224.40 266.41 4.76 0.06 127.63 0.42 24.18 二环~三环 4.56 1.66 2.05 59.11 53.24 298.20 9.89 0.10 101.92 0.47 25.38 三环外 5.19 1.52 1.94 57.82 49.08 215.92 5.47 0.06 148.87 0.55 31.62 工业区 4.73 1.60 1.84 86.53 57.37 386.14 5.22 0.06 173.65 1.14 39.16 餐饮区 5.42 1.48 1.69 55.27 39.66 197.45 4.30 0.39 92.52 0.62 24.16
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 不同粒径级别地表沉积物的矿物组成
Table 3. Mineral composition of surface sediment with different particle sizes
样品编号 粒径
(mm)石英
(%)钠长石
(%)微斜长石
(%)方解石
(%)白云母
(%)十字沸石
(%)镁铝蛇纹石(%) 1 1~0.45 36.9 33.0 11.5 16.3 1.1 - - 0.45~0.3 47.1 29.8 13.5 3.0 1.2 3.8 - 0.3~0.125 52.6 24.3 15.4 2.5 4.3 - - 0.125~0.075 43.3 32.5 14.2 3.8 2.4 - - ≤0.075 51.8 26.8 9.1 7.3 3.9 - 1.0 2 1~0.45 44.4 29.7 9.7 8.9 4.7 - - 0.45~0.3 42.0 25.4 13.1 7.0 4.3 8.1 - 0.3~0.125 48.7 30.0 12.6 6.8 - - - 0.125~0.075 53.8 25.0 9.2 7.8 4.1 - - ≤0.075 42.2 26.1 13.0 13.1 4.0 - - 注：表中“-”表示未检出该矿物。
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 张春玲, 许新兵, 任小娜, 等.城市地表灰尘的概念及其研究现状分析[J].环境科学与管理, 2016, 41(2):21-24. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1212.2016.02.006
Zhang C L, Xu X B, Ren X N, et al.Concept and research status of urban surface dust[J].Environmental Science and Management, 2016, 41(2):21-24. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1212.2016.02.006
[2] 常静, 刘敏, 侯立军, 等.城市地表灰尘的概念、污染特征与环境效应[J].应用生态学报, 2007, 18(5):1153-1158. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-9332.2007.05.036
Chang J, Liu M, Hou L J, et al.Concept pollution character and environmental effect of urban surface dust[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 18(5):1153-1158. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-9332.2007.05.036
[3] 王硕, 蔡立梅, 王秋爽, 等.中国城市地表灰尘中重金属的富集状况及空间分布特征[J].地理研究, 2018, 37(8):1624-1640. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dlyj201808012
Wang S, Cai L M, Wang Q S, et al.Spatial distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in urban surface dust of China[J].Geographical Research, 2018, 37(8):1624-1640. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dlyj201808012
[4] 孙宗斌, 刘百桥, 周俊, 等.天津城市道路灰尘重金属污染及生态风险评价[J].环境科学与技术, 2015, 38(8):244-250. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=hjkxyjs201508045
Sun Z B, Liu B Q, Zhou J, et al.Heavy metals pollution and ecological risk assessment on urban street dust of Tianjin[J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 38(8):244-250. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=hjkxyjs201508045
[5] 赵一莎, 赵梦竹, 刘冲, 等.兰州市城关区街尘重金属的分布特征、赋存形态及环境风险评价[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 52(2):605-610. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=lzdxxb201605006
Zhao Y S, Zhao M Z, Liu C, et al.Distribution character, chemical speciation and environmental risks of heavy metals in the surface dusts taken from Chengguan District of Lanzhou City[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences), 2016, 52(2):605-610. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=lzdxxb201605006
[6] 常静, 刘敏, 李先华, 等.上海城市地表灰尘重金属污染累积过程与影响因素[J].环境科学, 2008, 29(12):3483-3488. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0250-3301.2008.12.032
Chang J, Liu M, Li X H, et al.Heavy metal mass accumulation of urban surface dust in Shanghai City[J].Environmental Science, 2008, 29(12):3483-3488. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0250-3301.2008.12.032
[7] 韩力慧, 庄国顺, 程水源, 等.北京地面扬尘的理化特性及其对大气颗粒物污染的影响[J].环境科学, 2009, 30(1):1-8. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hjkx200901001
Han L H, Zhuang G S, Cheng S Y, et al.Characteristics of re-suspended road dust and its significant effect on the airborne particulate pollution in Beijing[J].Environmental Science, 2009, 30(1):1-8. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hjkx200901001
[8] 杨朔, 陈辉伦, 盖楠, 等.北京市大气颗粒物中全氟烷基化合物的粒径分布特征[J].岩矿测试, 2018, 37(5):549-557. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/doi/10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.20180620074
Yang S, Chen H L, Gai N, et al.Particle size distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances in atmospheric particulate matter in Beijing[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2018, 37(5):549-557. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/doi/10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.20180620074
[9] 周莉, 石贵勇, 付宇, 等.广州市大气颗粒物PM2.5显微形貌、化学组成及其来源初探[J].岩矿测试, 2016, 35(3):85-91. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/doi/10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.03.014
Zhou L, Shi G Y, Fu Y, et al.Preliminary study on the microscopic morphology, chemical composition and its source of PM2.5 in Guangzhou[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2016, 35(3):85-91. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/doi/10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.03.014
[10] 王喆, 谭科艳, 陈燕芳, 等.南方某工业区大气总悬浮颗粒物重金属来源解析及其对土壤环境质量的影响[J].岩矿测试, 2016, 35(1):82-89. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/doi/10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.01.014
Wang Z, Tan K Y, Chen Y F, et al.Origin of heavy metals in total suspended particle and their influence on soil environmental quality in an industrial area of South China[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2016, 35(1):82-89. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/doi/10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.01.014
[11] 李娟英, 胡谦, 陈美娜, 等.上海临港新城地表沉积物与径流重金属污染研究[J].上海海洋大学学报, 2014, 23(6):882-889. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/shscdxxb201406013
Li J Y, Hu Q, Chen M N, et al.Research on heavy metal of surface sediment and runoff of Lingang New City in Shanghai[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2014, 23(6):882-889. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/shscdxxb201406013
[12] 张晶晶, 毕春娟, 陈振楼, 等.上海市区地表灰尘对降雨径流中汞砷污染的影响[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版):2011(1):194-202. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2011.01.023
Zhang J J, Bi C J, Chen Z L, et al.Assessment on the effect of surface dust on mercury and arsenic in rainfall-runoff in the Shanghai urban district[J].Journal of East China Normal University (Natural Science):2011(1):194-202. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2011.01.023
[13] 王丽, 王利军, 史兴民, 等.西安城区地表灰尘中重金属分布、来源及潜在生态风险[J].环境科学与技术, 2017, 40(7):180-187. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=hjkxyjs201707030
Wang L, Wang L J, Shi X M, et al.Distribution, sources and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface dusts from urban areas of Xi'an City[J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 40(7):180-187. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=hjkxyjs201707030
[14] 张舒婷, 李晓燕, 陈朋.城市不同功能区地表灰尘重金属时空动态变化[J].安全与环境学报, 2015, 15(2):307-312. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/aqyhjxb201502064
Zhang S T, Li X Y, Chen P.Dynamic distribution variation of heavy metal contents in the outdoor settling dusts in different functional urban areas[J].Journal of Safety and Environment, 2015, 15(2):307-312. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/aqyhjxb201502064
[15] 王丽, 王利军, 史兴民, 等.西安市地表灰尘中PAHs健康风险特征[J].环境科学研究, 2016, 29(12):1759-1765. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hjkxyj201612004
Wang L, Wang L J, Shi X M, et al.Heath risk characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface dust of Xi'an City, China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences, 2016, 29(12):1759-1765. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hjkxyj201612004
[16] 颜钰, 李盼盼, 陶军, 等.北京高校校园道路灰尘重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J].环境污染与防治, 2016, 38(1):58-63. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hjwryfz201601011
Yan Y, Li P P, Tao J, et al.Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dusts of universities in Beijing[J].Environmental Pollution & Control, 2016, 38(1):58-63. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/hjwryfz201601011
[17] 朱兰保, 盛蒂, 戚晓明, 等.蚌埠市初冬季节地表灰尘氮磷形态及空间分布特征[J].安全与环境学报, 2016, 16(6):342-347. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/83738X/201606/670897672.html
Zhu L B, Sheng D, Qi X M, et al.Form and spatial distribution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the urban dust in the early winter days in Bengbu City, Anhui[J].Journal of Safety and Environment, 2016, 16(6):342-347. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/83738X/201606/670897672.html
[18] 朱兰保, 盛蒂, 马莉, 等.安徽省城市地表灰尘重金属污染及人体健康风险评价[J].地球与环境, 2019, 47(1):97-104. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dzdqhx201901013
Zhu L B, Sheng D, Ma L, et al.Heavy metal pollution and human health risk assessment of surface dust inurban areas of Anhui[J].Earth and Environment, 2019, 47(1):97-104. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dzdqhx201901013
[19] Ylldlrlm G, Tokalloglu S.Heavy metal speciation in various grain sizes of industrially contaminated street dust using multivariate statistical analysis[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2016, 124:369-376. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.11.006
[20] Hussain K, Rahman M, Prakash A, et al.Street dust bound PAHs, carbon and heavy metals in Guwahati city-Seasonality, toxicity and sources[J].Sustainable Cities and Society, 2015, 19:17-25. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2015.07.010
[21] Klees M, Hiester E, Bruckmann P, et al.Polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in street dust of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 511:72-81. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.018
[22] Škrbić B, Mladenović N D, Živančev J, et al.Seasonal occurrence and cancer risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in street dust from the Novi Sad City, Serbia[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 647:191-203. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.442
[23] 施为光.成都市街道地表物中的重金属[J].城市环境与城市生态, 1995, 8(3):25-29. http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=1703663
Shi W G.Heavy mental from street surface sediment in Chengdu City[J].Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 1995, 8(3):25-29. http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=1703663
[24] Li H H, Chen L J, Yu L, et al.Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of human exposure to oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals via urban street dusts from different functional areas in Chengdu, China[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 586:1076-1084. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.092
[25] 杨忠平, 王雷, 翟航, 等.长春市城区近地表灰尘重金属健康风险评价[J].中国环境科学, 2015, 35(4):1247-1255. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zghjkx201504037
Yang Z P, Wang L, Zhai H, et al.Study on health risk of potentially toxic metals in near-surface urban dust in Changchun City[J].China Environmental Science, 2015, 35(4):1247-1255. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zghjkx201504037
[26] 叶友斌, 张巍, 王学军.北京城市道路积尘多环芳烃的粒度分布特征及其影响因素[J].生态环境学报, 2009, 18(5):1788-1792. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5906.2009.05.036
Ye Y B, Zhang W, Wang X J.Size distribution and influencing factors of road dust PAHs in Beijing, China[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2009, 18(5):1788-1792. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5906.2009.05.036
[27] 田晖, 杜佩轩.西安市路面积尘不同粒径矿物组成研究[J].环境科学与技术, 2006, 29(7):26-28. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2006.07.011
Tian H, Du P X.Mineral composition of road dust with different grain diameter in Xi'an[J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2006, 29(7):26-28. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2006.07.011
[28] Yuksel B, Arica E.Assessment of toxic, essential, and other metal levels by ICP-MS in Lake Eymir and Mogan in Ankara, Turkey:An environmental application[J].Atomic Spectroscopy, 2018, 39(5):179-184.
[29] Satyanarayanan M, Balaram V, Sawant S S, et al.Rapid determination of REEs, PGEs, and other trace elements in geological and environmental materials by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J].Atomic Spectroscopy, 2018, 39(1):1-15. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=399d63251e1afd27679392d6e00fdd4d
[30] Oral E V.Comparison of two sequential extraction proce-dures for trace metal partitioning in ore samples from the Keban Region in Elazig, Turkey[J].Atomic Spectroscopy, 2018, 39(5):198-202.
[31] 杨忠平, 张强, 张梁, 等.长春市城区近地表灰尘粒度特征及其环境意义[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2014, 44(1):319-327. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cckjdxxb201401029
Yang Z P, Zhang Q, Zhang L, et al.Particle size character and environmental implication of urban dust near the ground in Changchun City, China[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2014, 44(1):319-327. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cckjdxxb201401029
[32] 王以尧, 杨扬, 徐祖信.上海市典型区域非渗透下垫面沉积物的物化特征分析[J].四川环境, 2016, 35(4):59-67. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3644.2016.04.012
Wang Y Y, Yang Y, Xu Z X.Physicochemical characteristics analysis of impervious underlying surface sediment in Shanghai[J].Sichuan Environment, 2016, 35(4):59-67. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3644.2016.04.012
[33] 王丽丽, 刘敏, 欧冬妮, 等.上海城市地表灰尘重金属粒级效应与赋存状态研究[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2009(6):64-70. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2009.06.008
Wang L L, Liu M, Ou D N, et al.Particle size distribution of heavy metals in urban surface dusts in Shanghai[J].Journal of east China Normal University (Natural Science), 2009(6):64-70. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2009.06.008
-
图(5)
表(3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1542
- PDF下载数: 82
- 施引文献: 0