The Pore Structure Characterization of Shale Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy and JMicroVision
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摘要: 孔隙发育特征是泥页岩储集能力评价的关键参数之一。扫描电镜观察法已普遍用于描述泥页岩的孔隙发育特征，但是目前文献中对泥页岩微孔隙类型划分比较混乱，孔隙结构特征参数的表征以定性描述为主，缺乏定量表征手段。本文选取了18个泥页岩样品为研究对象，通过氩离子抛光和高分辨率扫描电子显微镜图像观察，基于孔隙发育形态、位置及成因，对样品中不同孔隙进行类型划分；结合JMicroVision图像分析软件，应用泥页岩微孔隙描述技术和孔隙尺度分类统计技术，统计不同类型孔隙发育数量、孔径大小、面孔率、形状系数、概率熵等参数，对其分布特征进行评价。研究表明，晶（粒）间孔隙和有机孔隙比较发育，其次为晶（粒）内孔和晶间隙。不同类型孔隙其孔径分布以纳米级为主，不同类型孔隙分布较无序，其概率熵主要分布在0.5~0.7之间，对应的形状系数分布差异也较大。有机质孔隙的形状系数主要分布在0.6~0.7范围内，形状分布以椭圆形或近似圆形为主，晶（粒）间孔隙和晶（粒）内孔隙的形状系数主要分布在0.3~0.7，分析晶（粒）间孔隙和晶（粒）内孔隙形状系数分布特征主要是受原始孔隙形态、压实作用和溶蚀作用的影响。研究认为，SEM与JMicroVision相结合是定量研究不同类型微孔发育特征的有效手段，为研究微孔的形成和演化奠定了基础。
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关键词:
- 孔隙类型划分 /
- 孔隙结构表征 /
- 扫描电镜观察 /
- JMicroVision /
- 泥页岩
Abstract:BACKGROUNDThe pore characteristics of shale are one of the key parameters for evaluation of the shale reservoir capacity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has been widely used to describe the pore characteristics of shale. However, the classification of micro-pore types in mud shale reservoirs in the literature was relatively diverse, and the quantitative characterization of pore based on SEM was relatively lacking. OBJECTIVESTo classify the pore types and quantitatively characterize these pores in shale. METHODS18 shale samples were selected as the research object in this study. Based on the form, position and origin of pores observed by argon ion polishing and Scanning Electron Microscopy, the types of different pores in the sample were classified. By using JMicroVision image analysis software, the pore characteristics including the number of pore types, pore size, face rate, shape coefficient, probability entropy and other parameters were quantitatively described. RESULTSThe inter-crystal (particle) pores and organic pores were the most developed, followed by intra-crystal (particle) pores and crystal gap inter-crystal (particle) pores. The sizes of pore were mainly nanometer. The probabilistic entropy of intra-crystal (particle) pores and organic pores were mainly distributed between 0.5 and 0.7, with a different shape coefficient distribution. The shape coefficients of organic pores were mainly distributed between 0.6 and 0.7, and their shape were mainly oval or nearly circular. The shape coefficient of intra-crystal (particle) pores and inter-crystal (particle) pores were mainly between 0.3 and 0.7, which were mainly affected by the original pore morphology, compaction and dissolution. CONCLUSIONSThe combination of SEM and JMicroVision is an effective means to quantitatively study the development characteristics of different types of micropores. This work has laid a foundation for the study of the genesis and evolution of micropores. -
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表 1 泥页岩样品的基本特性
Table 1. Characteristics of the selected shale samples
样品编号 TOC(%) Ro(%) 有机质类型 矿物含量(%) 石英 长石 碳酸盐 黏土矿物 黄铁矿 其他 1 3.576 1.21 Ⅱ1 20 15 6 44 8 7 2 4.337 1.96 Ⅱ1 24 12 3 49 9 3 3 2.045 1.16 Ⅱ1 25 24 13 31 4 3 4 6.435 2.29 Ⅱ1 20 12 3 56 5 4 5 5.892 1.21 Ⅱ1 21 17 3 48 3 8 6 5.198 1.26 Ⅱ1 20 22 6 45 6 1 7 2.740 1.38 Ⅱ1 51 0 4 37 6 2 8 2.697 3.27 Ⅰ 5 8 44 43 0 0 9 0.784 1.10 Ⅰ 30 10 20 40 0 0 10 3.199 1.11 Ⅱ1 24 14 5 51 4 2 11 2.541 1.18 Ⅱ1 24 30 2 38 2 4 12 3.496 1.08 Ⅰ 30 12 3 53 2 0 13 6.531 1.16 Ⅱ1 26 25 0 45 2 2 14 6.811 2.85 Ⅱ1 27 35 0 32 6 0 15 6.009 3.11 Ⅰ 23 25 5 41 6 0 16 1.398 1.01 Ⅰ 36 16 38 23 2 3 17 1.096 0.99 Ⅰ 27 18 7 39 5 4 18 2.240 0.97 Ⅰ 27 26 12 27 6 2 
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表 2 泥页岩储层孔隙分类
Table 2. Characteristics of pore classification of shale gas reservoir
孔隙类型 成因机制 分布特征 无机孔隙 原生孔隙 晶(粒)内孔(图 1-a, b) 矿物成岩作用过程中保留下来的微孔隙 常见于黏土矿物颗粒、石英、长石等晶体内，形状不规则 无机孔隙 原生孔隙 晶(粒)间孔(图 1-c, d) 矿物颗粒沉积或再生长过程中保留下来微孔隙 常见于黏土矿物颗粒及黄铁矿等晶体间 无机孔隙 原生孔隙 晶间隙(图 1-e) 矿物(尤其是黏土矿物)成岩转化过程中形成的间隙 发育于矿物晶体层间或颗粒边缘，多呈片状分布 无机孔隙 次生孔隙 晶(粒)内溶孔(图 1-f)，晶(粒)间溶孔(图 1-g) 不稳定矿物因发生溶蚀作用而形成 常见于黏土矿物、长石等晶体内(间)，性状不规则 有机质孔 有机质热成因孔 出油孔(图 1-h)，出气孔(图 1-i)，气孔群(图 1-j) 有机质不同演化阶段生烃、排烃过程中，油气聚积形成 出油孔、出气孔偶见于热演化程度较低的有机质中，气孔群常见于热演化程度较高的有机质中，呈分散的不规则分布 有机质孔 收缩孔(缝)(图 1-k) 有机质热演化(失水)过程中收缩形成 有机质与矿物结合边缘或内部 微裂缝 构造缝(图 1-l) 由局部构造作用所形成，主要与矿物的成岩作用、岩石脆性、地层压力以及构造活动(如断裂、褶皱等)相关 呈高角度裂缝切层发育
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