Quantitative Characterization of Shale Micro-fracture in the Yuanba Area of the Sichuan Basin by Micro X-ray Tomography
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摘要: 页岩中微裂缝的定量研究有利于认识储层类型与页岩气勘探潜力评价。微米级X射线断层成像（微米CT）技术是观测微裂缝最为直观的方法。本文以四川盆地元坝地区大安寨段页岩为研究对象，通过微米CT二维图像上微裂缝的识别与统计，定量计算了页岩样品的微裂缝孔隙度，并结合氦气法获得的页岩样品的总孔隙度，定量评价了微裂缝在页岩总孔隙空间的比例。结果表明：页岩中微裂缝主要为构造微裂缝，缝宽主要在0~12μm，三维空间内呈层状展布；页岩的氦气孔隙度为2.24%~4.60%（平均3.48%），其中微裂缝孔隙度为0.25%~1.06%（平均0.82%），在总孔隙空间中占比平均23.28%。与四川盆地焦石坝地区海相龙马溪组页岩（微裂缝孔隙度平均0.3%~1.3%，占总孔隙空间的6.1%~22.4%）中微裂缝的发育程度相当。元坝地区大安寨段页岩为孔隙型储层，发育丰富的纳米级基质孔隙，有利于页岩气的富集；同时微裂缝发育，可以沟通众多孤立的基质孔隙，有利于页岩气的高产。元坝地区大安寨段页岩为孔隙型储层同时微裂缝发育，表明具有页岩气高产稳产的孔隙条件和良好勘探潜力。Abstract:
BACKGROUNDQuantitative study of micro-fracture in shale is conducive to understanding reservoir type and evaluating the shale gas exploration potential. Micrometer X-ray tomography (micro-CT) is currently the most direct way to observe and measure micro-fracture. OBJECTIVESTo qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the micro-fracture in the shale of the Da'anzhai Member of the Yuanba area of the Sichuan Basin, and to evaluate the exploration potential of shale gas. METHODSMicro-CT technology was used, through the identification and statistics of micro-fracture on the micrometer CT two-dimensional image. The micro-fracture porosity of shale samples was calculated quantitatively. Combined with the total porosity of shale samples obtained by porosimetry, the proportion of micro-fracture in the total pore space of shale was quantitatively evaluated. RESULTSThe micro-fracture in shale were mainly structural micro-fracture with the width of 0-12μm. They were layered in three-dimensional space. The total porosity of shale was 2.24%-4.60% (average 3.48%), in which the micro-fracture porosity was 0.25%-1.06% (average 0.82%), accounting for an average of 23.28% in the total pore space. The development degree of micro-fracture was similar to that of the marine Longmaxi Shale in the Jiaoshiba area of the Sichuan Basin with the average micro-fracture porosity of 0.3%-1.3% that accounted for 6.1%-22.4% of the total porosity. The shale in the Da'anzhai Member of the Yuanba area was a pore-type reservoir with abundant nano-scale matrix pores, which was conducive to the enrichment of shale gas. Meanwhile, the development of micro-fracture can communicate with many isolated matrix pores, which was conducive to high shale gas production. CONCLUSIONSThe shale in the Da'anzhai Member of the Yuanba area is a pore-type reservoir with widespread micro-fracture, indicating that the area has high and stable shale gas pore conditions and good exploration potential. -
Key words:
- micro X-ray tomography /
- micro-fracture /
- quantitative characterization /
- Yuanba area /
- Da'anzhai Member /
- shale
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表 1 页岩样品基本信息
Table 1. Basic information of shale samples
研究地区 构造带 样品编号 采样深度(m) 层位 岩性 涪陵地区 川东弧形高陡 FY1-9 2605.70 大安寨段 黑色页岩 褶皱带 FY1-13 2636.00 大安寨段 黑色页岩 元坝地区 巴中低缓构造带 YB102-7 3923.19 大安寨段 黑色页岩 元坝东部断褶带 YL171-5 3885.28 大安寨段 黑色页岩 YL176-7 4140.75 大安寨段 黑色页岩 元坝中部断褶带 YL4-6 3748.38 大安寨段 黑色页岩 YL4-10 3752.18 大安寨段 黑色页岩 
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表 2 页岩孔隙组成分析结果
Table 2. Analytical results of porosity compositions of shale
研究地区 样品编号 CT孔隙度(%) 氦气孔隙度(%) 微裂缝孔隙度(%) 微裂缝占总孔的比例(%) 基质孔隙度(%) 基质孔隙占总孔的比例(%) 涪陵地区 FY1-9 1.49 5.02 0.78 15.54 4.24 84.46 FY1-13 4.74 - 4.32 - - - 元坝地区 YB102-7 2.46 4.60 0.93 20.22 3.67 79.78 YL171-5 1.27 2.24 0.25 11.16 1.99 88.84 YL176-7 1.84 3.45 0.83 24.06 2.62 75.94 YL4-6 1.69 2.93 1.04 35.49 1.89 64.51 YL4-10 1.53 4.16 1.06 25.48 3.10 74.52
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