Mineralogical Characteristics and Coloration Mechanism of Yellow-Green Alunite Jade
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摘要: 黄绿色明矾石玉作为近年来市场上新出现的玉石品种，目前有关其宝石矿物学特征的研究相对不足，为其科学鉴定和质量评价造成一定困难。为此，本文采用红外光谱、X射线粉晶衍射、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱及紫外可见光谱等测试技术，从矿物组成、显微结构、化学成分等方面对黄绿色明矾石玉进行系统研究，并分析其颜色成因。结果表明：黄绿色明矾石玉的主要矿物组成为明矾石，未见其他矿物成分；玉石整体呈隐晶质结构，粒尺寸小于5μm，这是样品呈现细腻玉石质感的主要原因，但由于缺少如纤维状或鳞片状交织结构，韧性相对较差；黄绿色明矾石玉主要化学成分为O、Al、S、K，此外过渡金属元素V、Fe、Cr含量较高，平均含量分别为23591.52μg/g、4717.99μg/g、2077.67μg/g，结合紫外可见光谱测试存在的500nm以下和以826nm为中心的吸收，认为其黄绿色形成与V3+、Cr3+和Fe3+进入明矾石晶格中类质同相替代Al3+有关；明矾石玉黄褐色风化皮结构相对较粗，主要组成矿物为明矾石和石英，含少量针铁矿和极少量锐钛矿，其黄褐色主要受以针铁矿为主的表生褐铁矿浸染所致。本研究基本明确了黄绿色明矾石玉的宝石矿物学特征及其致色机理，可为今后该玉石的科学鉴定和质量评价提供数据支持。Abstract:
BACKGROUND As a new kind of jade, yellow-green alunite jade is difficult to positively identify and evaluate due to the lack of research. Yellow-green alunite jade is a new type of jade that has appeared on the market in recent years. At present, there is relatively insufficient research on its gemological mineralogical characteristics, which makes it difficult for its scientific identification and quality evaluation. OBJECTIVES To study the mineralogical characteristics and coloration mechanism of yellow-green alunite jade. METHODS Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were applied to analyze the mineral component, microtexture, and chemical composition. RESULTS The main mineral component of yellow-green alunite jade was alunite with a cryptocrystalline texture and grain size of less than 5μm. The very fine texture identified it as a delicate jade, but due to lack of interwoven fibric or scaly texture, its toughness was relatively poor. The alunite jade was composed of O, Al, S and K. The contents of transition metals such as V, Fe, Cr were relatively high, with average contents of 23591.52μg/g, 4717.99μg/g and 2077.67μg/g, respectively. Combined with the absorption spectrum in the ultraviolet region of 500nm and 826nm in the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, it was concluded that the isomorphous substitution of Al3+ by V3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+ was the main cause of the yellow-green color. The texture of weathering crust of alunite jade was relatively coarse. The mineral components were alunite, quartz, goethite with minor anatase. Yellowish-brown color of weathering crust was due to the serious pigmentation by limonite, and especially goethite. CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed the mineralogical characteristics and coloration mechanism of yellow-green alunite jade, which provides a theoretical basis for the scientific identification and further quality evaluation. -
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表 1 明矾石玉LA-ICP-MS分析结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS analytical results of alunite jade samples
样品编号 位置 点号 元素含量(μg/g) Ti Fe Mn V Cr Ni Cu Zn Pb Ba Co AJ-01 黄绿色
主体01 108.53 5059.47 149.90 23627.86 1526.25 51.08 294.89 228.51 6.88 386.91 5.50 02 65.96 3773.13 137.36 18377.24 1411.69 41.75 350.16 180.60 8.96 284.81 5.52 03 51.70 1926.78 99.93 17669.68 1267.54 38.34 947.96 167.93 5.15 575.44 4.69 04 62.47 2765.86 160.09 20348.75 1516.78 47.73 416.75 207.09 8.22 426.62 4.60 05 57.16 2563.27 178.57 22098.60 1458.85 45.30 501.11 211.21 5.57 404.05 5.28 06 54.59 2232.54 194.12 20683.00 1333.01 48.01 209.57 212.25 3.82 257.82 5.63 07 54.39 2352.52 200.27 24009.17 1539.81 51.51 539.97 243.54 4.97 234.17 5.06 08 91.62 2493.09 232.39 22006.80 1499.46 57.64 137.52 218.68 4.10 789.91 4.86 09 69.69 2584.54 197.21 21606.20 1577.93 49.60 140.68 249.62 5.09 811.61 6.24 10 63.51 2222.07 195.61 20978.21 1466.73 42.10 521.31 234.66 3.34 567.48 5.37 黄褐色
外皮11 89.37 20368.19 212.67 29078.85 3581.96 45.60 734.08 200.88 4.10 310.81 6.36 12 137.41 18582.74 204.18 21773.54 2884.43 40.78 430.81 175.77 7.02 517.39 4.68 AJ-02 黄绿色
主体01 149.15 7664.30 166.95 27441.25 3188.94 44.83 460.96 168.36 9.91 918.67 4.40 02 157.36 5738.04 120.55 17666.74 2494.37 38.28 197.07 122.08 5.32 340.04 2.71 03 133.13 6792.44 152.20 25406.67 2807.57 39.51 363.83 159.99 5.56 670.86 4.47 04 132.18 7108.51 180.05 27008.64 2831.34 44.37 375.94 166.80 8.28 127.16 4.54 05 136.32 7002.55 188.71 32562.51 3214.77 45.72 583.89 200.74 5.79 369.76 4.88 06 122.18 7389.53 163.62 23943.90 2585.94 47.92 128.99 191.37 6.67 187.72 4.85 07 113.30 5797.46 169.99 24737.24 2710.99 38.69 471.27 161.14 7.43 726.01 4.46 08 107.44 5175.37 171.60 24030.80 2023.48 38.41 834.50 180.49 8.99 103.40 4.68 09 130.85 6348.09 212.71 26049.56 2457.24 47.65 450.67 261.90 5.65 299.78 7.71 10 138.55 7370.16 249.93 31577.49 2640.70 53.93 890.38 259.62 8.96 963.99 8.97 黄褐色
外皮11 126.87 21174.33 237.02 26331.63 4104.97 45.13 555.90 276.81 8.99 209.82 6.72 12 103.70 16796.55 185.17 22146.56 3418.49 48.46 461.70 134.24 11.09 384.09 3.29 
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