Identifying the Hydrochemical Characteristics and Genetic Mechanism of Medium-Low Temperature Fluoride-Enriched Geothermal Groundwater in the Hongjiang—Qianshan Fault of Jiangxi Province
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摘要:
江西洪江—钱山断裂沿线中低温地热资源较为丰富，但地热水中氟离子浓度较高，长期使用影响人体健康，探究高氟地热水循环演化机制对合理开发、利用区域地热资源具有重要意义。前人针对本区域地热水的研究仅局限于单一地热田水文地球化学特征分析，未系统分析区域尺度高氟地热水水文地球化学特征和成因机制。为揭示研究区高氟地热水成因机制，本文在洪江—钱山断裂共采集20组水样，基于水化学和氢氧同位素测试结果，结合地热水分布规律及其水文地球化学特征，应用水文地球化学图解法和离子比例关系法探究深大断裂沿线中低温高氟地热水循环演化机制和成藏模式。结果表明：研究区地表水、地下水和地热水中阳离子以钙离子和钠离子为主，阴离子以重碳酸盐为主，水体呈碱性，高氟水主要存在于HCO3-Na型地热水中，氟浓度超过国家标准2～12倍，地表水和地下水中氟含量均未超标。地热水主要接受大气降水补给，补给高程为797～2186m，循环深度为893～1893m，基于石英温标估算热储温度为79.4～113.1℃。高氟地热水化学特征受多种水文地球化学作用叠加影响，富氟矿物风化、溶解是高氟地热水中氟的主要来源，碱性地热水环境和阳离子交换作用也间接影响氟富集过程。
Abstract:The Hongjiang—Qianshan fault has abundant medium-low temperature geothermal resources. However, the excessive fluorine concentration in geothermal groundwater restricts the development and utilization of geothermal resources. 20 samples were collected in this region for identifying the genetic mechanism of medium-low temperature of fluoride-enriched geothermal resources. The hydrochemical results indicate that the hydrochemical characteristic of high fluoride geothermal groundwater is HCO3-Na. The groundwater environment is alkaline and weakly alkaline. The fluoride concentration in geothermal groundwater is 2−12 times greater than the upper limited value, while those in the surface water and shallow groundwater are within the permittable threshold range. The isotopic results reveal that the recharge elevations and circulation depth are 797−2186m and 893−1893m, respectively. Quartz provides the most reliable estimations of reservoir temperatures, ranging from 79.4℃ to 113.1℃. The fluoride in geothermal groundwater originates from the rock weathering and mineral dissolution. Cation exchange and alkaline condition are the main influence factors for fluorine enrichment. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at
http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.yk202403030028 .-
Key words:
- fluoride /
- medium-low temperature geothermal water /
- hydrochemistry /
- isotope /
- Jiangxi Province
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表 1 水样水化学组分分析测试结果统计
Table 1. The analytical results of hydrochemical components of water samples
水样类型 统计
类型pH 水温
(℃)Ca2+
(mg/L)Mg2+
(mg/L)Na+
(mg/L)K+
(mg/L)HCO3−
(mg/L)SO42−
(mg/L)Cl−
(mg/L)F−
(mg/L)TDS
(mg/L)地表水 最大值 8.31 23.5 4.15 0.38 4.02 1.03 19.90 3.34 1.57 0.30 26.00 最小值 6.16 17.8 1.28 0.14 1.26 0.31 2.44 0.50 0.27 0.02 14.00 平均值 7.68 20.31 2.45 0.22 2.10 0.57 11.91 2.01 0.55 0.10 20.75 地下水 最大值 7.33 30.0 3.51 0.72 19.20 1.67 53.20 5.94 0.83 1.84 64.00 最小值 6.20 20.1 0.44 0.13 2.60 0.35 10.50 0.43 0.29 0.12 18.00 平均值 6.91 24.27 1.94 0.43 8.78 1.11 28.43 2.43 0.56 0.79 35.33 地热水 最大值 8.74 60.0 10.40 0.75 80.90 1.81 94.00 39.70 14.50 14.20 272.00 最小值 7.40 32.5 0.21 0.01 15.20 0.51 6.16 2.83 0.37 1.69 43.00 平均值 8.23 45.79 3.12 0.16 40.86 1.16 46.95 18.55 5.85 6.29 138.56 
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表 2 研究区水样氢氧同位素含量
Table 2. The δ2H and δ18O values of groundwater sampled in the study area
样品 参数 δ2H(‰) δ18O(‰) 雨水 数值 −43.60 −6.49 地表水 最大值 −34.65 −5.81 最小值 −52.00 −8.20 平均值 −38.81 −6.49 地下水 最大值 −31.40 −6.40 最小值 −46.62 −7.85 平均值 −39.79 −7.22 地热水 最大值 −42.80 −7.17 最小值 −71.00 −10.30 平均值 −55.43 −8.75
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表 3 研究区地热水补给高程和循环深度
Table 3. The recharge elevation and circulation depth of geothermal groundwater in the study area.
样品编号 取样点高程
(m)δ2H
(‰)SiO2含量
(mg/L)公式(2)计算的
补给高程(m)公式(3)计算的
补给高程(m)补给高程平均值
(m)循环深度
(m)HQF1 390 −71.00 42.2 2173 2200 2186 1325 HQF2 639 −48.50 36.9 1443 1075 1259 1150 HQF3 247 −42.80 30.0 804 790 797 893 HQF4 375 −65.00 46.7 1896 1900 1898 1460 HQF5 370 −46.76 48.5 1099 988 1043 1513 HQF6 206 −59.00 63.2 1467 1600 1533 1893 HQF7 202 −56.00 45.2 1332 1450 1391 1415 HQF8 197 −54.50 48.5 1258 1370 1314 1511
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表 4 研究区热储温度计算结果
Table 4. The calculation results of geothermal reservoir temperature in the study area
样品编号 水温
(℃)石英温标a
(℃)石英温标b
(℃)石英温标c
(℃)玉髓温标d
(℃)玉髓温标e
(℃)HQF1 38 94.1 95.9 94.3 63.6 65.4 HQF2 43.2 88.2 90.7 88.5 57.3 59.5 HQF3 34.6 79.4 83.1 79.8 48.1 50.8 HQF4 60 98.7 99.8 98.8 68.5 70.0 HQF5 60 100.4 101.4 100.5 70.4 71.8 HQF6 47.8 113.1 112.3 113.0 84.1 84.5 HQF7 22.4 97.1 98.5 97.3 66.9 68.5 HQF8 49.2 100.4 101.3 100.4 70.3 71.7 注：a石英温标(无蒸汽损失)：T=1309/(5.19−logSiO2)−273.15；b石英温标(最大蒸汽损失)：T=1522/(5.75−logSiO2)−273.15；c石英温标: T=−44.19+0.2264×SiO2−1.7414×10−4+79.305×logSiO2；d玉髓温标(无蒸汽损失)：T=1032/(4.69−logSiO2)−273.15；e玉髓温标：T=1112/(4.91−logSiO2)−273.15。
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