CRETACEOUS TRANSGRESSION IN THE SOUTHERN EAST CHINA SEA SHELF BASIN AND ADJACENT LAND AREAS: EVIDENCE AND GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
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摘要:
东海陆架盆地南部在新生界有诸多油气发现，其下很可能发育了巨厚的、规模巨大的中生界，但对古地理背景的认识尚不清楚，制约了对其进一步开展工作。利用少量钻井及前人关于周边陆域白垩系的零星资料，从多因素入手，综合分析了白垩纪岩相古地理背景，结果表明，在东海陆架盆地南部及周边陆域广泛发育了岩石、化石、生物标志物等各类海侵标识，且其特征和分布具有区域规律性：从花东海盆的放射虫—台湾的菊石、瓣腮类—东海陆架盆地的海绿石—沿海石浦地区的灰岩—浙东付鲚鱼—武夷山及邻区的红藻、褐藻及线叶植物，对应指示的沉积环境自SE至NW依次为深海、浅海、海陆过渡、陆地的总趋势，推测古海侵方向为自SE往NW向。而海侵事件控制了早白垩世东海南部周边邻域的岩相古地理背景，也塑造了如茶湾组这样的有利烃源岩层。
Abstract:There seems a thick and wide Mesozoic in the southern part of the East China Sea Shelf Basin under the Cenozoic, in which a large reserve of gas and oil has been discovered. However, the Mesozoic palaeogeographic pattern of the area remains unclear, that restrict the further exploration of the basin. In this paper, we made an integrated analysis of lithofacies and palaeogeography for the Cretaceous with a few drilling data and incomplete outcrops upon the basis of single factor facies analysis. It is revealed that the distribution of depositional characteristics, such as the paleontological, mineralogical and geochemical indicators, is all in a transgressive pattern from Radiolarian (Huatung basin)-Ammonite and Lamellibranchia (Taiwan)-Glauconite (the East China Sea Shelf Basin)-Shipu Limestone (Xiangshan, Zhejiang)-Marine fish (Zhejiang)-Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta and Plants (Wuyishan, Fujian) from SE to NW. The depositional environment changes in a general trend from abysmal environment to shallow sea, transitional zone, and to land. This trend probably indicates that the direction of transgression in the early Cretaceous was from SE to NW, which controlled the lithofacies and palaeogeographic pattern of the early Cretaceous in the southern part of the East China Sea Shelf Basin and adjacent land areas. High quality source rocks, such as those in the Chawan Formation, were formed in the transgression.
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Key words:
- transgression /
- Cretaceous /
- Fujian and Zhejiang Uplift area /
- East China Sea Shelf Basin
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表 1 东海陆架盆地南部白垩系地层简表(据文献[5]修改)
Table 1. Stratigraphy of Early Cretaceous in the southern part of the East China Sea Shelf Basin (modified from reference [5])
地层 序划分 体系域 相带 岩性特征 系 统 组 白垩统 上白垩统 石门潭组 Sq3 火山喷发相 凝灰岩、火山喷发玄武岩和灰黄色泥岩互层 高位域 滨岸相 黄绿色薄层细砂岩和粉砂岩互层 闽江组 Sq2 海侵域 浅海的潮间带 灰细砂岩和粉砂岩互层，含大量生物化石 低位域 —潮下带相 下白垩统 高位域 滨岸相 黄绿色薄层细砂岩和粉砂岩互层 渔山组 Sq1 海侵域 浅海相 粉砂岩、细砂岩与泥岩互层，含孢粉化石 低位域 滨岸三角洲相 灰绿色厚层砾岩、砂岩与棕红色泥岩互层 
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表 2 浙闽露头的有机地化指标和环境指示意义
Table 2. Organic geochemical indices on outcrops in Fujian and Zhejiang provinces and environmental significance
类型 指标 环境指示意义 链烷烃 碳数范围C13—C40，为单峰型，主峰碳以C16或C18为主，反映有机质来源主要为低等水生藻类 本区泥岩有机质的来源总体上以低等浮游生物为主 Pr/Ph均＜1，大部分为0.2~0.6 强还原环境，这种情况一般只出现在高盐度沉积环境 甾萜烷 三环萜烷 以C21或C23为主峰，C19—C25三环萜烷相对分布
总体以C19、C20、C21(或C19、C20、C21、C23)呈上升型反映湖相的特征 伽马蜡烷 伽马蜡烷/C30藿烷为0.11~0.18 具海相特征 C30重排藿烷 C30重排藿烷/C30藿烷为0.08~0.12 显示海相特征 甾烷类 反映低等水生生物，特别是藻类对有机质母质的影响
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表 3 早白垩世出现的海侵证据
Table 3. Evidences of Early Cretaceous transgression
指标 次类 植物化石 褐藻(福建永安坂头组) 红藻(永安、崇安坂头组) 线叶植物(福建崇安坂头组) 动物化石 菊石(台湾西南) 丁丁虫(东海陆架盆地) 付鲚鱼(浙江临海)，中鲚鱼、秀丽华夏鱼(福建安溪) 有孔虫(东海陆架盆地) 放射虫(花东海盆) 岩石学 藻叠层石 藻灰结核 鲕粒、生屑灰岩 龙介类虫管 韵律层理 有机地化指标 链烷烃 甾萜烷(三环萜烷、伽马蜡烷、C30重排藿烷、甾烷类) 指相自生矿物 海绿石(东海陆架盆地) 微量元素 咸水环境
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