CHARACTERISTICS OF MUD DIAPIR AND GAS CHIMNEY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH RESERVOIR FORMING FOR PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS HYDRATE ON NORTHERN SLOPE OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
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摘要:
以南海北部陆坡深水区琼东南盆地南部及珠江口盆地白云凹陷地质地震资料为基础，综合分析了泥底辟及气烟囱分布特征、发育演化特点、成因机制及其与油气和水合物成藏的关系。研究结果表明：泥底辟及气烟囱主要相对集中发育于凹陷中心或凹陷与凸起构造转换带，具有杂乱模糊地震反射特征且其模糊带形态各异；泥底辟及气烟囱展布规模大小不一，刺穿层位及幅度亦存在明显差异，且常常伴生强烈的热流体活动；泥底辟及气烟囱形成受控于沉积充填的巨厚欠压实泥页岩及其伴生的高温超压潜能、断层裂缝及构造薄弱带和有机质生烃增压等地质因素；泥底辟与气烟囱及其伴生断层裂隙是深部气源向浅层运移聚集的优势通道，通过这些流体运聚的高速通道，可以将其运移至上覆新近系储层和深水海底浅层高压低温稳定域，最终形成深部常规油气藏与海底浅层天然气水合物矿藏纵向叠置复式聚集的组合特点。
Abstract:Based on the geological and seismic data collected from the deep water area, mud diapirs and gas chimneys are recognized in the Qiongdongnan Basin and Baiyun sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin on the north slope of the South China Sea. Also discussed are the distribution pattern, evolutionary history, genetic features and their relationship with the accumulation of petroleum and natural gas hydrate. It is found that: (1) mud diapirs and gas chimneys are mainly distributed in the central part of a sag or the transition zone between sag and uplift and characterized by muzzy or chaotic seismic reflections. The dimension of the mud diapir and gas chimney varies and the strata penetrated by them are also different. Vigorous hot fluid flow activities may occur.(2) the evolution and development of mud diapir and gas chimneys are controlled by the thick shale deposited in the depressions, high temperature and overpressure, weak structures such as faults and micro-cracks, and pressure enhancement during the process of hydrocarbon generation. (3) mud diapirs and gas chimneys as well as associated structures are favorable pathways for deep hydrocarbons migrating from the deep to shallow. The gas-bearing fluid would finally migrate through those conduction systems to Neocene reservoirs and natural gas hydrate stability zones, and formed a vertical sequence with oil and gas pool below and/or natural gas hydrate on top.
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