GENESIS, ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF CO2 IN THE YINGGEHAI-QIONGDONGNAN BASINS,
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摘要:
莺-琼盆地是中国南海北部重要的天然气产区，部分地区天然气中CO2含量高，制约了天然气勘探的经济性。CO2成因、成藏及分布规律的研究有助于低CO2含量的优质天然气勘探。在天然气地球化学特征剖析的基础上，结合区域地质条件，综合研究了莺-琼盆地天然气中CO2的成因和来源，剖析了天然气成藏机制和CO2分布规律。研究认为：莺-琼盆地天然气中CO2含量变化大且成因复杂，来源各异；发育3种天然气成藏模式，其控制了天然气中CO2的差异性分布；莺歌海盆地高CO2天然气的分布受控于底辟活动和超压，而琼东南盆地高CO2天然气的成藏与分布则主要与深大断裂及火山活动有关。因此，莺-琼盆地不同地区优质天然气勘探应采用不同的思路和对策：莺歌海盆地应在输导体系发育、天然气成藏较早且保存条件好的底辟波及区中深层寻找优质天然气；琼东南盆地则应在无火山活动和无深大断裂发育、天然气生运聚及保存条件好的地区寻找优质天然气，或者在深大断裂发育或火山活动地区寻找保存条件好、未受破坏的早期形成的优质天然气藏。
Abstract:Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan Basins are the major gas producers in the north of South China Sea.However, high content of CO2 in some areas restricts the economic efficiency of natural gas exploration.Genesis, accumulation process and distribution pattern of CO2 in natural gas are studied in this paper based on the geochemical characteristics of the natural gas as well as regional geological settings.CO2 in the natural gases in the Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan Basins changes in a broad range in content and has quite complicated origin.There are three types of natural gas accumulation mechanisms controlling the distribution pattern of CO2 in different areas.In the Yinggehai Basin, high content of CO2 in natural gas is controlled by diapir structure and overpressure.In the Qiongdongnan Basin, however, high content of CO2 is related generally to deep fractures and volcanic activities.Based on the distribution pattern of CO2, favorable fields are proposed for exploration of high quality natural gas, such as the middle and deep layers in diapir-affected zones with early gas accumulation, abundant micro-fractures and good sealing conditions in the Yinggehai Basin, and the areas with good migration and sealing conditions but lack of volcanic activities and deep fractures in the Qiongdongnan Basin.
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表 1 莺-琼盆地典型天然气组成及碳同位素分布
Table 1. Chemical and carbon isotopic composition of natural gas in the Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan Basins
盆地 构造 层段 天然气组成/% 碳同位素δ13C/‰ 3He/4He×(10-7) R/Ra C1 C2+ N2 CO2 CO2 C1 莺歌海盆地 X1-1浅层 莺歌海组 28.0~84.7/67.3* 0.6~3.2/1.9 1.1~34.8/14.6 0.2~64.8/16.3 -54.1~-31.7/-37.6 -20.7~-2.8/-11.6 0.5~6.8/1.8 0.03~0.48 X1-1中深层 黄流组 43.1~84.7/73.8 1.6~3.5/2.2 5.2~12.5/9.3 2.1~49.5/14.7 -33.1~-30.1/-31.5 -8.0~-0.7/-5.8 4.7 0.34 X13-1中深层 黄流组 22.7~66.5/43.2 0.5~1.7/1.1 3.0~9.2/5.7 22.2~73.8/49.9 -32.9~31.9/-32.5 -6.6~-3.9/-4.9 -** - X1-1S浅层 莺歌海组 7.1~44.9/18.5 0.01~1.7/0.8 3.3~19.9/9.0 34.6~88.0/71.7 -43.8~-31.3/-35.5 -6.6~-3.8/-5.6 - - X13-2中深层 黄流组 69.0~82.4/79.5 1.8~2.9/2.4 12.4~27.7/15.8 1.4~2.4/2.1 -38.9~-32.3/-35.7 -17.0~-7.2/-10.9 - - X29-1 莺歌海组 6.5~65.8/22.5 0.2~1.4/0.6 3.9~23.7/11.4 9.0~88.9/65.4 -35.6~-29.1/-32.2 -5.9~-2.1/-3.5 1.9~4.7/2.7 0.13~0.33 Z22-1 乐东组莺歌海组 13.4~81.9/68.6 0.9~2.5/1.8 5.3~22.2/17.1 0.01~80.4/12.5 -40.2~-26.9/-34.2 -12.7~-2.2/-6.7 0.4~1.0/0.7 0.03~0.07 Z15-1 乐东组莺歌海组 5.3~54.8/25.7 0.5~3.3/1.9 0.8~13.0/5.8 28.9~93.4/66.6 -35.7~-32.3/-34.2 -8.2~-4.2/-6.0 3.7~5.7/4.5 0.26~0.40 Z8-1 乐东组莺歌海组 15.8~91.7/45.2 1.0~2.3/1.8 1.7~4.5/3.0 4.5~80.8/50.0 -41.8~-29.1/-32.9 -8.5~-2.5/-4.7 8.4~21.9/16.8 0.60~1.56 琼东南盆地 B19-2、B19-4B19-5、 三亚组陵水组 1.3~79.7/20.5 0.1~8.4/1.4 0.1~6.3/2.7 1.2~97.2/74.5 -46.8~-35.2/-39.5 -7.5~-3.9/-5.2 34.6~87.5/61.7 2.47~6.25 Y13-1 陵水组 82.2~89.0/84.8 2.9~9.0/6.4 1.0~1.2/1.1 7.7~8.5/8.1 -39.9~-39.4/-39.6 -10.3~-5.1/-7.7 1.1~4.8/2.9 0.08~0.34 L22-1 黄流组 91.2~91.7/91.4 7.5~8.0/7.7 0.5~0.6/0.6 0.3/0.3 -39.2~-38.8/-39.0 -9.2~-7.4/-8.4 - - *分布范围/平均值；**无数据 
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