TECTONIC EVOLUTION AND ITS CONSTRAINTS ON THE FORMATION OF DEEPWATER GIANT GAS FIELD IN LINGSHUI SAG, QIONGDONGNAN BASIN
-
摘要:
琼东南盆地陵水凹陷构造演化及其对深水大气田形成的控制作用成为深水区研究的热点。利用钻井地质、地震勘探资料,运用层序地层学、构造解析方法,认识了陵水凹陷的构造动力学机制和构造变形;探讨了陵水凹陷构造演化及其对深水大气田形成的控制作用;提出了陵水凹陷经历了古新世—始新世断陷、渐新世坳—断、早中新世断—坳和中中新世—更新世坳陷(深水盆地)4期构造演化阶段的新认识,并认为构造演化控制了深水大气田的形成。①古新世—始新世断陷、渐新世坳—断作用分别控制了湖相、海陆过渡相—海相烃源岩分布,中中新世—第四纪坳陷作用拓宽了烃源岩生气时窗;②渐新世坳—断作用控制发育了扇三角洲储层,中中新世—更新世坳陷作用控制发育了深水限制型、非限制型碎屑岩储层和碳酸盐岩生物礁储层;③渐新世坳—断演化阶段以走滑—伸展构造变形为主,控制发育了断鼻、断背斜圈闭,中中新世—更新世坳陷作用控制发育了深水限制型重力流水道砂岩性圈闭群、非限制型盆底扇岩性圈闭和生物礁地层圈闭;④渐新统、中中新统地层超压产生断裂/裂隙,构成了良好的天然气输导体系。
Abstract:ecently, a deepwater giant gas field has been discovered in the Lingshui sag of the Qiongdongnan basin. As the result, Cenozoic structures and their constraining effects on the formation of deepwater giant gas field has gained great attention from researchers. In this paper, well data and seismic data are applied to study the Cenozoic structural evolution of the sag and their controlling effects over the formation of deepwater giant gas field from viewpoints of sequence stratigraghy and structural analysis. Compared with previous studies, the coupling of structure evolution, tectonic mechanism, sedimentary infilling and natural gas accumulation are emphasized. It is revealed that the Cenozoic structure evolution of the sag consisted of stages of Paleocene-Eocene rifting, Oligocene depressing-rifting, Early Miocene rifting-depressing and Middle-Miocene to Quaternary depressing. Data suggests that: a. Oligocene depressing-rifting controlled the distribution of source rocks of marine-terrestrial transitional facies and marine facies, and the depression from Middle-Miocene to Quaternary expanded the gas generation window. b. Oligocene depressing-rifting provided the opportunity for the formation of fan-delta reservoir, and the depression from Middle-Miocene to Pliocene caused the formation of confined and non-confined deepwater clastic reservoirs and reef carbonate reservoirs. c. Oligocene depressing-rifting later on provided the opportunities for the formation of various structural traps, such as the strike-slip-extention structures, fault-noses, fault-anticlines, and various lithological traps such as deepwater confined channel sandstone of gravity flow, non-confined basinal lithological traps and reef stratigraphic traps. d. overpressure in the stages of Oligocene depressing-rifting and Middle-Miocene depressing stages formed the new faults/fissures as the paths for migration.
-
图 1 琼东南盆地构造区划(据文献[3]修改)
Figure 1.
图 4 陵水凹陷古新世—始新世半地堑(剖面位置见图 3)
Figure 4.
图 7 陵水凹陷渐新世“坳—断”结构(剖面位置见图 6)
Figure 7.
图 9 陵水凹陷早中新世“断—坳”结构(剖面位置见图 8)
Figure 9.
图 11 陵水凹陷L17深水大气田成藏模式(据文献[3])
Figure 11.
图 12 陵水凹陷钻井埋藏史及烃源岩热演化史(据文献[3]修改)
Figure 12.
-
[1] 姚伯初, 曾维军, 陈艺中, 等.南海北部陆缘东部的地壳结构[J].地球物理学报, 1994, 37(1):27-35. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.1994.01.004
[2] 于鹏, 王家林, 钟慧智, 等.琼东南盆地基底结构综合地球物理研究[J].中国海上油气(地质), 1999, 13(6):443-450. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=HY000002246572
[3] 张迎朝, 徐新德, 甘军, 等.琼东南盆地深水大气田地质特征、成藏模式及勘探方向研究[J].地质学报, 2017, 91(7):1620-1633. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2017.07.013
[4] 谢玉洪.南海北部自营深水天然气勘探重大突破及其启示[J].天然气工业, 2014, 34(10):1-8. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2014.10.001
[5] 许怀智, 蔡东升, 孙志鹏, 等.琼东南盆地中央峡谷沉积充填特征及油气地质意义[J].地质学报, 2012, 86(4):641-650. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2012.04.010
[6] 许怀智, 张迎朝, 林春明, 等.琼东南盆地中央峡谷天然气成藏特征及其主控因素[J].地质学报, 2014, 88(9):1741-1752. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dizhixb201409010
[7] 龚再升, 李思田.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社, 1997:1-126.
[8] 雷超, 任建业, 李绪深, 等.琼东南盆地深水区结构构造特征与油气勘探潜力[J].石油勘探与开发, 2011, 38(5):560-569. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syktykf201105006
[9] 胡见义.石油地质学前缘[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2002:96-143.
[10] 张功成.南海北部陆坡深水区构造演化及其特征[J].石油学报, 2010, 31(4):528-541. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syxb201004002
[11] 能源, 吴景富, 漆家福, 等.南海北部深水区新生代盆地三层结构及其构造演化[J].地质学报, 2013, 87(3):403-414. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dizhixb201303010
[12] Taylor B, Hayes D E. Origin and History of the South China Sea Basin[M].Washington D C:American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph, 1983, 27:23-56.
[13] Northrup C J, Royden L H, Burchfiel B C. Motion of the Pacific plate relation to Eurasia and its potential relation to Cenozoic extension along the eastern margin of Eurasia[J].Geology, 1995, 23:719-722. doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0719:MOTPPR>2.3.CO;2
[14] Tapponnier P, Peltzer G, Armijo R. On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia[J].Geological Society of London Special Publications, 1986, 19(1):113-157. doi: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.07
[15] Hayes D E. The tectonic and geological evolution of Southeast Asia Seas and islands[M].Washington D C:American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph, 1980, 23:89-104.
[16] 周蒂, 陈汉宗, 吴世敏, 等.南海的右行陆缘裂解成因[J].地质学报, 2002, 76(2):180-190. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dizhixb200202005
[17] Rangin C, Klein M, Roques D, et al. The red river fault system in the Tonkin gulf, Vietnam[J]. Tectonophysics, 1995, 243(3/4):209-222. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/004019519400207P
[18] 孙珍, 钟志洪, 周蒂.莺歌海盆地构造演化与强烈沉降机制的分析和模拟[J].地球科学, 2007, 32(3):347-356. http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=24414425
[19] 刘新宇.陵水13-2构造地层与古水深综合分析[R].湛江: 中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司南海西部石油研究院, 2015.
[20] 梁刚, 甘军, 李兴.琼东南盆地陵水凹陷天然气成因类型及来源[J].中国海上油气, 2015, 27(4):47-53. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zghsyq-gc201504006
[21] 王子嵩, 刘震, 王振峰, 等.琼东南盆地深水区中央坳陷带异常压力分布特征[J].地球学报, 2014, 35(3):355-364. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dqxb201403013