Petroleum Geology and Exploration Potential of the Nile Delta Basin
-
摘要:
尼罗河三角洲盆地经历了古特提斯汇聚到新特提斯裂开的被动陆缘、挤压应力为主的前陆盆地及以断裂活化作用为主的走滑盆地3个构造演化阶段。盆地发育北三角洲和南三角洲2个次盆单元,总体上贫油富气,且大多气藏位于深水区。研究区发育两套有利烃源岩:渐新统和中新统海相页岩和泥灰岩以及上白垩统黑色页岩, 有机质碳含量丰富,主要以Ⅲ型干酪根为主,主力储集层为中新统三角洲砂岩及上新统深水斜坡水道砂岩,圈闭以构造圈闭为主,油气主要沿着断层和不整合面向上部储层运移。尼罗河三角洲盆地生储盖匹配良好,是未来勘探开发的有利区块。
Abstract:The Nile river delta basin has experienced three stages of tectonic evolution, i.e. the stage of a Paleo-Thetys passive margin from convergence to rupture, the stage of a compressive foreland basin and the stage of an activated strike-slip basin. It may be divided to the north sub-basin and the south sub-basin. In general, most of the reservoirs are rich in gas and poor in oil, and located in deep water. There are two sets of favorable source rocks, the Oligocene to Miocene Marine shale and marl, and the Upper Cretaceous black shale. Both of the source rocks are rich in organic carbon and type III of kerogen. Reservoirs are mainly consisting of Miocene deltaic sandstone and Pliocene deep sea slope channel sandstone. Structural trap dominates the basin. Petroleum migrates mainly upwards along faults and unconformities. The delta basin has well matched source-reservoir-cap assemblages and great potential for oil and gas exploration.
-
Key words:
- the Nile delta basin /
- tectonic evolution /
- marine facies /
- petroleum geology
-
-
表 1 2010-2016年尼罗河三角洲盆地发现的主要气田
Table 1. The main gas fields found from 2010 to 2016 in the Nile delta Basin
国家 气田名称 发现时间 预测储量/Tcf 埃及 kafr AJ Shailkh 2010 2 埃及 West Sama-1 2012 (4~6)×10-3 埃及 Salamat 2013 1.2 埃及 Atoll-1 2015 5 埃及 Zohr 2015 30 埃及 Baltim SouthWest 2016 2.5~2.8 -
[1] Dolson J C, Boucher P J, Dodd T, et al. Petroleum potential of an emerging giant gas province, Nile delta and Mediterranean Sea off Egypt[J]. Oil and Gas Journal, 2002, 32-37. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=7a11bfc45552102591eeb9e7e16d46aa
[2] Burton-Ferguson R, Aksu A E, Calon T J, et al. Seismic stratigraphy and structural evolution of the Adana Basin, eastern Mediterranean[J]. Marine Geology, 2005(221): 189-222. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=ea5f8d923c965c991c324933b0456abf
[3] Bayoumi A I, Lotfy H I, Modes of structural evolution of Abu Gharadig Basin, Western Desert of Egypt, as deduced from seismic data[J]. J. Afr. Earth Sci, 1989(9): 273-287. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0899536289900705
[4] 于兴河, 李胜利, 李顺利.三角洲沉积的结构:成因分类与编图方法[J].沉积学报, 2013, 31(5):782-797. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-CJXB201305005.htm
[5] 谢启红, 邵先杰, 乔雨朋, 等.尼罗河现代三角洲沉积特征解剖[J]重庆科技学院学报, 2016, 18(2):31-34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1980.2016.02.008
[6] 陈中原, 王张华.长江与尼罗河三角洲晚第四纪沉积对比研究[J].沉积学报, 2003, 21 (1):61-74. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0550.2003.01.010
[7] Abdel aal A, El Barkooky A, Gerrits M, et al. Tectonic evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean Basin and its significance for hydrocarbon prospectivity in the ultra-deepwater of the Nile Delta[J]. The Leading Edge, 2000:1086-1102. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/tle/article-abstract/19/10/1086/58992/tectonic-evolution-of-the-eastern-mediterranean
[8] Lies Loncke, Virginie Gaullier, Jean Mascle, et al. The Nile deep-sea fan: An example of interacting sedimentation, salt tectonics, and inherited subsalt paleotopographic features[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2006(23): 297-315. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817206000109
[9] Claudius Vandre, Bernhard Cramer, Peter Gerling, et al. Natural gas formation in the western Nile delta (Eastern Mediterranean): Thermogenic versus microbial[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2007(38): 523-539. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=632ba14eb8468a08917acd14b99e1983&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[10] Guiraud R, Maurin J C. Early Cretaceous rifts of Western and Central Africa: an overview[J]. Tectonophysics, 1992(213): 153-168. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/reference/ADS?id=1992Tectp.213..153G
[11] Bayoumi A I, Lotfy H I, Modes of structural evolutionof Abu Gharadig Basin, Western Desert of Egypt, as deduced from seismic data[J]. J. Afr. Earth Sci, 1989(9): 273-287. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0899536289900705
[12] Elsayed A. Fergany. Microtremor Measurements in the Nile Delta Basin, Egypt: Response of the Topmost Sedimentary Layer[J]. Seismological Research Letters, 2009, 80(4): 591-598. doi: 10.1785/gssrl.80.4.591
[13] 童晓光, 关增淼.世界石油勘探开发图册(非洲地区分册)[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 2002.
[14] Sharaf L M. Source rock evaluation and geochemistry of condensates and natural gases, offshore Nile delta, Egypt[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology, 2003, 26: 189-209. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-5457.2003.tb00025.x
[15] Peters K E.Guidelines for evaluating petroleum source rocks using programmed pyrolysis[J].AAPG Bull, 1986, 70: 318-209. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/80002829383
[16] Shaaban F, Lutz R, Littke R, et al. Source rock evaluation and basin modelling in the NE Egypt (NE Nile Delta and Northern Sinba) [J] Journal of Petroleum Geology, 2006, 29: 103-124. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-5457.2006.00103.x
[17] Bagge M A, Keeley M L. The oil-potential of Mid-Jurassic coals in northern Egypt[C]// Scott A C, Fleet A J. Coal and Coal-Bearing Strata as Oil-Prone Source Rocks. Geological Society Special Publication, 1994, (77): 183-200.
[18] Younes M A. Alamein Basin hydrocarbon potential of the Jurassic-Cretaceous source rocks, north Western Desert, Egypt[J]. OIL GAS European Magazine, 2002(3): 22-28. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=a6b9c6fcb3ec7b4f1debe411bc6aa399
[19] Samuel A, Kneller B, Raslan, Sharp A. Prolithic deep-marine slope channels of the Nile Delta[J]. Egypt: AAPG Bulletin, 2003, 87: 541-560. doi: 10.1306/1105021094
[20] Andy Samuel, Ben Kneller, Samir Raslan, et al. Prolific deep-marine slope channels of the Nile Delta, Egypt[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2009, 87(4): 541-560. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=7fe2fc77692b7df8717f26eee76d7e17
[21] Nigel E Cross, Alan Cunningham, Robert J Cook, et al. Three-dimensional seismic geomorphology of a deep-water slope-channel system: The Sequoia field, offshore west Nile Delta, Egypt[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2009, 93(8): 1063-1086. doi: 10.1306/05040908101
[22] USGS. Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Nile Delta Basin Province, Eastern Mediterranean[R]. 2010.
-