Characteristics of Pockmarks and Their Genesis Zhongjian Offshore Area, South China Sea
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摘要:
海底麻坑在圈定潜在的天然气水合物发育区和指示海底地质灾害方面都具有重要意义。基于南海中建海域的高密度三维地震资料，采用自动追踪技术对研究区海底地貌特征进行了刻画，发现了众多形态各异、大小不一的麻坑，可分为圆形麻坑、椭圆形麻坑、拉长形麻坑、新月形麻坑和复合型麻坑等5类。中建海域的海底麻坑主要发育在海底地形坡折的位置，成群、成带分布，在地形平坦的位置麻坑不发育。影响中建海域麻坑形成的因素主要有火山活动、断裂活动、水合物分解、海底底流等。引起中建海域海底形成麻坑的流体主要有4种，分别是火山热液、天然气水合物分解的气体、沿断裂向上运移的深部油气及火山热液与天然气水合物分解气体的混合。
Abstract:Pockmarks are very important in delineating the prospective areas of gas hydrate and indicating geological hazards. Based on the high-density 3D seismic data of Zhongjian offshore area of South China Sea, the submarine geomorphic characteristics of the study area are described by automatic tracking technology. Many pockmarks with different shapes and sizes are found, which can be divided into five categories: round pockmarks, oval pockmarks, elongated pockmarks, crescent pockmarks and composite pockmarks. The pockmarks in the Zhongjian offshore area are mainly developed in groups and/or in the belt around the seabed of slope break, in groups and belts, but rarely found in the flat topographic regions. Our survey suggest that these pockmarks are formed by volcanic activities, fault activities, hydrate decomposition, sea bottom currents etc. Thus there are four kinds of fluid-formed pockmark on the seabed, i.e. volcanic hydrothermal fluid, gas hydrate decomposition, oil and gas migrating upward along faults, and mixture of the above.
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Key words:
- South China Sea /
- Zhongjian offshore area /
- pockmark /
- gas hydrate /
- volcano /
- fault
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表 1 中建海域海底麻坑特征表
Table 1. Characteristics of submarine pockmarks of Zhongjian offshore area
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