REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF DAFENG COASTAL WETLANDS IN YANCHENG, JIANGSU AND ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
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摘要:
对江苏盐城大丰滨海湿地表层沉积物重金属含量变化区域分布特征进行了分析,结果表明,江苏盐城大丰表层沉积物Hg、Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Cr和Zn的均值分别为0.05、0.25、7.21、25.5、20.3、67.79和68.09 mg/kg,滩涂湿地均值高于人工湿地,滩涂湿地大丰港一期码头附近的JST-02的各项重金属含量最高,呈明显的点源污染的特征。重金属区域分布与粒度正相关,黏土含量对重金属的富集和分布起到一定控制作用。单因子污染指数结果表明,研究区表层沉积物7种重金属元素的单因子污染指数均值由大到小依次为Cd>Cr>Cu>Zn>Pb>As>Hg,其中Cd的均值最大为1.57,为研究区主要污染元素;综合潜在生态风险指数变化范围为15.7~184.91,均值为27.41,滩涂湿地潜在生态风险高于人工湿地;潜在生态风险参数由大到小顺序为Hg>Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn。Hg和Cd为主要潜在生态风险因子。整个区域具有较低的潜在生态风险,尚未达到环境污染程度,但局部区域单个污染物浓度较高。
Abstract:The regional distribution patterns of seven heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Dafeng coastal wetlands in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province are carefully studied by the authors in this paper. The results show that the mean values of Hg, Cd, As, Cu, Pb, Cr and Zn in the surface sediments are 0.05, 0.25, 7.21, 25.5, 20.3, 67.79 and 68.09 mg/kg respectively, and the mean values in tidal flat wetlands are obviously higher than those in man-made wetlands. The site JST-02 of the tidal flat wetland near the first-phase of Dafeng Port has the highest content of heavy metals, showing a pollution pattern by a single point source. The regional distribution of heavy metals is positively correlated with particle size, suggesting that the clay content plays a critical role on the enrichment and distribution of heavy metals. The average values of single factor pollution indices show an ordered pattern from high to low in the surface sediments of the study area as Cd > Cr > Cu > Zn > Pb > As > Hg, and the maximum value of Cd, the main pollution element of the study area is as high as 1.57. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index varies between 15.70 and 184.91, with a mean of 27.41, in an order of Hg > Cd > as > Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn, which is higher than that of man-made wetland. Hg and Cd are the main potential ecological risk factors. Our data further suggests that though the whole region has lower potential ecological risk indices and remains under the level of environmental pollution, the concentration of single pollutant may be too high already in some local areas.
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表 1 取样站位信息表
Table 1. Sampling sites information
序号 野外编号 北纬/(°) 东经/(°) 湿地类型 1 JST-01 33.29189 120.76190 2 JST-02 33.27354 120.77611 3 JST-03 33.22953 120.82110 4 JST-04 33.19659 120.83347 滩 5 JST-05 33.18157 120.83714 涂 6 JST-06 33.29093 120.75042 湿 7 JST-07 33.25231 120.76028 地 8 JST-08 33.21234 120.76582 9 JST-11 33.27703 120.71458 10 JST-16 33.30362 120.67602 11 JST-09 33.18024 120.78755 12 JST-10 33.16609 120.79466 13 JST-12 33.24034 120.72569 14 JST-13 33.20202 120.73511 15 JST-14 33.17589 120.75484 16 JST-15 33.13940 120.78361 人 17 JST-17 33.26008 120.66507 工 18 JST-18 33.22687 120.69301 湿 19 JST-19 33.19103 120.69495 地 20 JST-20 33.15532 120.70438 21 JST-21 33.12077 120.72002 22 JST-22 33.28369 120.61951 23 JST-23 33.24715 120.62502 24 JST-24 33.21298 120.64062 25 JST-25 33.21695 120.59750 表 2 国家土壤环境质量标准
Table 2. The standard values in soil heavy metals defined by National Environmental Quality Standard
重金属元素 污染积累起始值 中度污染起始值 重度污染起始值 Xa/(mg/kg) Xc/(mg/kg) Xp/(mg/kg) Hg 0.15 0.3 1.5 Cd 0.2 0.3 1 As 15 30 60 Cu 35 50 400 Pb 35 250 500 Cr 90 250 400 Zn 100 200 500 表 3 重金属元素含量描述统计表
Table 3. Heavy metal element contents of the region
元素 最大值/(mg/kg) 最小值/(mg/kg) 平均值/(mg/kg) 变异系数/% 研究区 滩涂 人工 研究区 滩涂 人工 研究区 滩涂 人工 研究区 滩涂 人工 Hg 0.96 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.02 352.4 272.5 35.3 Cd 0.48 0.48 0.35 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.25 0.28 0.24 26.4 31.9 18.1 As 9.39 9.39 7.86 2.97 5.81 2.97 7.12 8.02 6.53 21.2 16.9 20.5 Cu 40.32 40.32 26.10 16.99 16.99 18.71 25.50 27.96 23.86 20.9 27.5 7.6 Pb 31.74 31.74 20.92 15.54 16.08 15.54 20.30 22.10 19.11 18.0 23.6 6.8 Cr 91.93 91.93 72.89 53.04 53.04 57.39 67.79 72.89 64.38 13.1 15.4 7.4 Zn 102.97 102.97 72.06 49.04 49.04 52.91 68.09 73.20 64.68 18.4 25.1 7.2 表 4 黏土含量统计表
Table 4. Clay contents in sediments
站位编号 黏土含量/% 湿地类型 JST-01 17.15 JST-02 23.50 JST-03 18.33 JST-04 0.00 滩 JST-05 14.95 涂 JST-06 8.70 湿 JST-07 14.33 地 JST-08 7.34 JST-11 12.62 JST-16 3.85 JST-09 7.84 JST-10 17.76 JST-12 11.98 JST-13 5.52 人 JST-14 8.44 工 JST-15 6.87 湿 JST-17 10.40 地 JST-18 9.07 JST-19 10.89 JST-20 7.69 JST-21 11.70 JST-22 11.47 JST-23 11.00 JST-24 12.33 JST-25 12.80 表 5 重金属元素与黏土含量相关分析(n=25)
Table 5. Correlation analysis between clay contents and heavy metals
黏土 Hg Cd As Cu Pb Cr Zn 黏土 1 Hg 0.531** 1 Cd 0.651** 0.728** 1 As 0.615** 0.313 0.314 1 Cu 0.799** 0.593** 0.819** 0.670** 1 Pb 0.784** 0.665** 0.887** 0.630** 0.965** 1 Cr 0.671** 0.575** 0.720** 0.662** 0.851** 0.853** 1 Zn 0.767** 0.595** 0.873** 0.568** 0.971** 0.974** 0.804** 1 注:**表示两者在0.01置信水平上相关 表 6 重金属元素Pi值统计表
Table 6. The Pi values of heavy metal elements contents
元素 最大值/(mg/kg) 最小值/(mg/kg) 平均值/(mg/kg) 变异系数(%) 研究区 滩涂 人工 研究区 滩涂 人工 研究区 滩涂 人工 研究区 滩涂 人工 Hg 2.55 2.55 1.76 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.34 0.35 0.33 192.76 223.74 175.57 Cd 2.26 2.26 2.07 0.81 0.86 0.81 1.57 1.60 1.55 28.23 30.27 27.74 As 0.63 0.63 0.52 0.20 0.39 0.20 0.47 0.53 0.44 21.22 16.87 20.49 Cu 1.35 1.35 0.75 0.49 0.49 0.53 0.74 0.83 0.68 24.88 32.56 7.59 Pb 0.91 0.91 0.60 0.44 0.46 0.44 0.58 0.63 0.55 18.03 23.59 6.75 Cr 1.01 1.01 0.81 0.59 0.59 0.64 0.75 0.81 0.72 12.93 15.17 7.41 Zn 1.03 1.03 0.72 0.49 0.49 0.53 0.68 0.73 0.65 18.42 25.10 7.20 表 7 沉积物重金属元素污染指数
Table 7. The index of heavy metal elements pollution in surface sediments
研究区 项目 单个污染物的污染参数 综合污染指数 Hg Cd As Cu Pb Cr Zn 最大值 3.86 0.48 0.63 0.81 0.63 1.02 0.59 8.02 潮滩湿地 最小值 0.04 0.17 0.39 0.34 0.32 0.59 0.28 2.22 均值 0.44 0.28 0.53 0.56 0.44 0.81 0.42 3.48 最大值 0.14 0.35 0.52 0.52 0.42 0.81 0.41 2.85 人工湿地 最小值 0.04 0.16 0.20 0.37 0.31 0.64 0.30 2.27 均值 0.07 0.24 0.44 0.48 0.38 0.72 0.37 2.68 最大值 3.86 0.48 0.63 0.81 0.63 1.02 0.59 8.02 研究区 最小值 0.04 0.16 0.20 0.34 0.31 0.59 0.28 2.22 均值 0.22 0.25 0.47 0.51 0.41 0.75 0.39 3.00 表 8 重金属元素值和RI值统计表
Table 8. The Eτi and RI values of heavy metal elements contents
元素 Eτi最大值 Eτi最小值 Eτi平均值 变异系数/% 研究区 滩涂 人工 研究区 滩涂 人工 研究区 滩涂 人工 研究区 滩涂 人工 Hg 154.35 154.4 5.57 1.56 1.6 1.74 8.62 17.6 2.61 10.68 272.5 35.27 Cd 14.47 14.5 10.55 4.86 5.2 4.86 7.57 8.3 7.06 16.87 31.9 18.08 As 6.26 6.3 5.24 1.98 3.9 1.98 4.75 5.3 4.35 18.77 16.9 20.49 Cu 4.03 4.0 2.61 1.70 1.7 1.87 2.55 2.8 2.39 7.11 27.5 7.59 Pb 3.17 3.2 2.09 1.55 1.6 1.55 2.03 2.2 1.91 6.35 23.6 6.75 Cr 2.04 2.0 1.62 1.18 1.2 1.28 1.51 1.6 1.43 7.04 15.4 7.41 Zn 0.59 0.6 0.41 0.28 0.3 0.30 0.39 0.4 0.37 6.84 25.1 7.20 RI值 184.91 184.9 23.21 15.70 15.7 16.03 27.41 38.4 20.12 6.18 134.8 8.42 -
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