EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE MODEL OF FLOOD OVERTOPPING AND DAM BREAK OF A TAILING POND UNDER DIFFERENT DEPOSIT COMPACTNESS
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摘要:
以某尾矿库为原型，基于模型相似理论，在尾矿库溃坝模型平台上分别进行了松散状态、稍密状态、密实状态下3种不同堆积密实度的尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝模型试验，研究尾矿库发生洪水漫顶后的溃决过程及机理，总结溃坝规律。结果表明，漫顶溃坝破坏的一般过程可归纳为3个阶段：细冲沟形成阶段、“陡坎”破坏导致溃口纵向发展阶段、崩塌导致的溃口横向发展阶段。通过分析3种堆坝密实度溃坝试验破坏关键点，得出提高尾矿坝堆积密实度能够有效延迟溃坝泥石流的形成时间，为下游居民撤离及制定相应的救援预案提供依据。
Abstract:This paper takes a tailing pond as the prototype for modeling the effect of flood overtopping and dam break under different deposit compactness. Model similarity theory is adopted for the experimental researches under loose state, dense state, and solid state respectively with different compactness and densities to study the process and mechanism of tailings pond outburst by flood overtopping. Our results suggest that the general process of overtopping dam failure can be divided into three stages: the forming stage of fine gullies, the stage of trace erosion which leads to the vertical development of breaches, and the horizontal development stage of collapse. By analyzing the schedule of the key failure points of the three kinds of dam failure with different compactness, it is found that increasing the compactness of the deposits may effectively delay the formation time of debris flow in dam break. The modeling results are helpful for evacuation of downstream residents and making of corresponding rescue plans.
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Key words:
- tailing pond /
- overflow dam /
- model test /
- dam break /
- disaster prevention and mitigation
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表 1 溃坝过程关键点时刻表
Table 1. Timing of key points during dam break
时间/min 松散状态 中密状态 密实状态 0 开始漫顶 开始漫顶 开始漫顶 6 细冲沟开始发育并出现管涌现象 细冲沟开始发育 — 8 多级小陡坎出现 — — 11 — 多级小陡坎出现 细冲沟开始发育 13 大陡坎出现 — — 20 — 大陡坎出现 — 21 — — 多级小陡坎出现 23 溃口纵向侵蚀结束，开始以横向发展为主的边岸崩塌发展式 — — 27 尾矿坝失去挡水作用 — — 35 — — 大陡坎出现 38 — 溃口纵向侵蚀结束，开始以横向发展为主的边岸崩塌发展模式 — 39 溃口趋于稳定 尾矿坝失去挡水作用 — 62 — 溃口趋于稳定 溃口纵向侵蚀结束，开始以横向发展为主的边岸崩塌发展模式 69 — — 尾矿坝失去挡水作用 110 — — 溃口趋于稳定 
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