DEPOSITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PALEOZOIC KHUFF FORMATION IN THE PERSIAN GULF AND THEIR RELATION WITH HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATION
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摘要:
波斯湾海域古生界蕴藏着巨大的天然气资源。从区域构造演化出发，对该区古生界胡夫组的沉积特征进行分析，建立了“大型缓斜坡碳酸盐岩台地”沉积模式，提出了该区古生界“源-相-势”复合控藏的成藏规律，并指明了下一步勘探方向。研究表明，波斯湾海域胡夫组主要发育台地与台地边缘相区，从波斯湾西北部向东南部依次发育局限—蒸发碳酸盐岩台地、开阔碳酸盐岩台地、台地边缘浅滩—生物礁，纵向上主要为灰岩、白云岩和膏盐的互层沉积。开阔碳酸盐岩台地、台地边缘浅滩—生物礁为有利储层发育相带。波斯湾海域志留系古赛巴段热页岩烃源灶分布及规模控制着胡夫组油气分布与资源规模。胡夫组沉积相带控制油气平面富集区，膏盐盖层控制油气藏纵向与平面分布。热页岩生烃灶周围的低势能古基底高与盐拱构造是古生界主要的油气聚集带，同时，储层物性、油气运移与保存条件是古生界油气成藏的关键。根据资料分析，波斯湾海域南海湾盐次盆胡夫组发育大量盐拱背斜圈闭，且志留系古赛巴段烃源岩与胡夫组圈闭叠合性好，成藏条件优越。该盐拱构造带预测资源量巨大，为波斯湾海域古生界有利勘探方向。
Abstract:Enormous natural gas resources have been found in the Paleozoic in the Persian Gulf area. Based upon regional tectonics, we described, in this paper, the sedimentary characteristics of the Paleozoic Khuff Formation and a sedimentary model for "carbonate platform with large ramp" was established. In this region, oil and gas accumulations are jointly controlled by the combination of "source-facies-potential". The result also shows that platform facies zone and platform edge facies zone are well developed in the Khuff Formation. Evaporate, restricted platform, open platform, platform margin shoal and reef are developed in an order from northwest to southeast. Sedimentologically, the Khuff Formation is characterized by interbedded limestone and dolomite intercalating gypsum and salt layers. Open platform, platform margin shoal and reef are favorable facies belts for hydrocarbon accumulation. The size and distribution of Qusaiba hot shale, as the hydrocarbon source kitchen, control the oil and gas distribution and resources potentials in the region. The gypsum-salt layers in the Khuff Formation control the vertical and plane distribution of oil and gas. The enriched zone of oil and gas is obviously controlled by sedimentary facies distribution of the Khuff Formation. The low potential basement highs and the salt arches surrounding the hot shale hydrocarbon generation kitchen are the favorable oil and gas accumulation areas. In view of the above, the reservoir property, petroleum migration and preservation are the key to hydrocarbon accumulation in the region. By data analysis, a large number of salt arch-related anticlinal traps in Khuff Formation have been found well developed in the southern gulf salt basin. The combination of Silurian hydrocarbon source rocks and the excellent traps in Khuff Formation provided superior conditions for hydrocarbon accumulations. Huge amount of resources is expected from the salt arch structure belt, which is a favorable exploration target in the Paleozoic of the Persian Gulf.
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