ADVANCES IN THE PORE-STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS AND MICROSCOPIC SEEPAGE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE HYDRATE-BEARING SEDIMENTS
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摘要:
含水合物沉积物孔隙结构特征分析和微观渗流模拟是水合物研究的基础性、关键性工作，对深入理解沉积物中水合物的分解机理、储层渗流机理和开采机理有十分重要的意义。总结了国内外含水合物沉积物的微观孔隙探测方法，对比分析了多种微观探测技术应用在水合物研究中的技术特点；重点分析了计算机断层扫描（CT）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和核磁共振成像（MRI）技术在含水合物沉积物孔隙结构研究中的应用现状；简述了利用微观数值模拟方法进行含水合物沉积物渗流分析的研究进展；在此基础上，展望了含水合物沉积物孔隙特征分析和微观渗流模拟研究的未来方向和挑战。
Abstract:Study of pore-structure characteristics and numerical simulation of microscopic seepage play fundamental and critical roles in gas hydrate research, which are of great significance for understanding the mechanisms of hydrate dissociation, seepage in sediments, and performance in reservoir exploitation. In this paper, several kinds of microscopic detecting technology are used for identification of hydrate-bearing sediments and their technical characteristics. Three widely-used morphological observation methods, including X-ray Computed Tomography (CT), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are introduced with respect to their functions in the study of the pore structure and characteristics of the gas hydrate-bearing sediments. In addition to it, the advances in numerical simulation for the microscopic seepage in the hydrate-bearing sediments by the PNM and LBM methods are discussed and summarized. Based on the above research, we proposed the future directions and challenges for pore-structure research and microscopic seepage numerical simulation for hydrate-bearing sediments.
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表 1 含水合物沉积物常用微观探测技术对比（据文献[14-15]）
Table 1. Comparison of common microscopic detecting technology for hydrate-bearing sediments (after reference [14-15])
探测方法 测量精度 主要用途 制样要求 技术特点 X射线衍射分析
（XRD）— 水合物晶体结构分析、晶体结构参数计算、生成/分解动力学监测等 粉末状样品，单晶样品 测量速度快 激光拉曼
（Raman）— 水合物类型划分、客体分子种类分析、生成/分解动力学监测等 无特殊要求 快速准确、精度高、可实时观测；在多组分水合物测定时会出现谱峰重合 核磁共振谱
（NMR）8 nm 水合物结构分析、化学组成分析、孔穴占有率计算等 厘米级样品，粉末状样品 精度高、探测尺度广；易受磁场屏蔽作用影响 光学显微镜 0.3 µm 孔隙表面形态观测 厚度0.03 mm的薄片 图像直观、易操作 扫描电子显微镜
（SEM）6 nm 沉积物及水合物表面形态观测 厘米尺度样品，表面需喷金处理 分辨率高、探测尺度广；仅能提供二维图像 场发射扫描电镜
（FE-SEM）1 nm 无需喷金处理 原子力显微镜 0.1 nm 孔隙表面形态观测 无特殊要求 图像分辨率高，可对纳米级孔隙成像；成像范围小、直观性较差 X射线计算机断
层扫描（CT）1 µm 水合物生成和分解过程中的沉积物组分空间结构分析 毫米级岩样或可封装样品 可三维成像、无损伤、交互性好；动态CT扫描精度略低、较难分辨水和水合物 同步辐射X射线断层扫描成像
（SRXCTM）0.35 µm X射线光源单色性好、三维成像、图像分辨率更高；仪器造价高 核磁共振成像
（MRI）0.05 mm 水合物生成/分解过程动态监测 厘米级样品 成像速度快、探测尺度广、易区分水和水合物；图像空间分辨率低 DSC — 水合物热力学分析和相平衡性质分析等 通常使用毫米级样品 样品用量少、控温精度高、温压控制范围大 小角度散射
（SANS/SAXS）0.5 nm 微-纳米孔隙分布探测、水合物生成过程中围绕在溶解甲烷分子的水分子结构分析等 厚度<0.5 mm的薄片，粉末状样品 无损伤、测试快速准确 
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