General characteristics of sea-level changes along the North Atlantic coast in the past 2000 years
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摘要:
北大西洋沿岸是世界上最容易受海平面上升影响的地区之一。了解该区域过去海平面变化历史和特征，对认识现代海平面变化过程、预估未来海平面变化趋势具有重要科学意义，同时也有助于最大限度地减小预测结果的不确定性。基于此，我们以北大西洋沿岸1 350个验潮站观测记录和已发表的1 604个海平面数据为基础，进行系统分析和集成研究，尝试建立北大西洋沿岸过去2000年海平面的变化历史，并分析北大西洋沿岸过去2000年海平面变化的主要过程与特征、区域差异和存在的问题。结果表明：①北大西洋沿岸过去2000年海平面变化具有显著的时空差异性，海平面的变化幅度、变化时间、波动次数等均具有区域差异性。②北大西洋沿岸过去2000年以来海平面总体上呈现出波动上升趋势，但不同地区海平面上升高程相差较大，北大西洋西岸北美洲东部海平面上升超过2.5 m，格陵兰岛-冰岛、欧洲和美国南部和东南部海平面上升幅度约1.9 m，北海和地中海海平面上升幅度约1 m。③公元1900年以来，北大西洋东西沿岸海平面上升速率普遍加快，并呈现出明显的纬度差异，即北大西洋东岸从地中海到欧洲沿岸再到格陵兰岛-冰岛，随着纬度增加，海平面上升速率逐渐增加。类似的，北大西洋西岸美国南部和东南部到美国东部再到加拿大东部，随着纬度的增加，海平面上升速率也依次增加。④过去2000年北大西洋沿岸海平面变化及其时空差异性是多种因素综合作用的结果，气候冷暖交替、冰川均衡调整、大气-海洋动力学、区域构造以及沿岸地形的变化、沉积物压实和潮汐范围变化等可能是主要原因。
Abstract:The North Atlantic coast is one of the most vulnerable regions to sea-level rise in the world. The history and characteristics of the past sea-level changes in the region is of great scientific significance for understanding the course of modern sea-level changes and for predicting the trend of future sea-level changes, and also helps minimize the uncertainty of prediction results. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically analyze and integrate the published sea-level data as well as the tidal observation records along the North Atlantic coast. Using the available 1 350 tidal observation records and 1 604 calibrated data, the history of sea-level changes along the North Atlantic coast in the past 2000 years was established, and the main processes and characteristics, regional differences, and existing issues of sea-level changes along the North Atlantic coast in the past 2000 years were analyzed. Results show that: ① the sea-level changes in the North Atlantic coast in the past 2000 years are remarked by significant spatial and temporal differences, as well as the regional differences in amplitude and frequency. ② The sea-level along the North Atlantic coast shows a fluctuating upward trend in the past 2000 years, but the elevations of sea-level rising in different regions are quite different in different coastal regions. The sea-level rise in the eastern coast of North America is more than 2.5 m. The sea-level rise in Greenland-Iceland, Europe, and the southern and southeastern parts of the United States is about 1.9 m. The sea level rise in the North Sea and the Mediterranean is about 1 m. ③ Since 1900 AD, the rate of sea-level rise along the east and west coast of the North Atlantic has generally accelerated, showing a significant difference in latitude, namely, from the Mediterranean to the European coast to Greenland-Iceland on the east coast of the North Atlantic, the sea-level rise rate gradually increases with the increase of latitude. Similarly, from the south and southeast of the United States on the west coast of the North Atlantic to the east of the United States and then to the east of Canada, with the increase of latitude, the sea-level rise rate also increases in turn. ④ The sea-level change and its temporal and spatial differences in the North Atlantic coast during the past 2000 years are likely the combined effects of various factors. The alternation of cold and warm climate, glacial isostatic adjustment, atmospheric-ocean dynamics, regional tectonic movement, coastal terrain changes, sediment compaction, and tidal range changes may be the main reasons.
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Key words:
- North Atlantic /
- the past 2000 years /
- sea-level change /
- tidal observation record /
- regional difference
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表 1 北大西洋沿岸常见的海平面标志物的指示意义[37, 39, 57, 62]
Table 1. The significance of common sea-level indicators in the coastal North Atlantic [37, 39, 57, 62]
序号 海平面标志物 潮位指示意义或范围 1 有机盐沼 介于平均潮位到最高高潮位 2 高盐沼 介于平均高潮位到最高高潮位 3 低盐沼 介于平均潮位到平均高潮位 4 泥炭、木炭或海洋生物骨骼 介于平均最低潮位到最高高潮位以上3 m 5 海滩沉积物 介于平均最低潮位到最高高潮位以上3 m 6 潮滩贝壳 低于平均潮位 7 潮滩有孔虫 低于平均潮位 8 硅藻 高于平均潮位 
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