Sedimentary evolution and favorable reservoir prediction in the middle of the third member of Shahejie Formation in BZ Oilfield, Bohai Sea
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摘要:
渤海BZ油田沙三中段为特低渗油藏，发育扇三角洲沉积，由于储层横向变化复杂及对“甜点层”认识不清，制约了油田开发进程。本文重点研究沙三中段沉积演化并对其有利储层进行预测，以指导特低渗油藏的开发。综合区域沉积特征、钻井及地震资料，利用残余厚度法和印模法相结合的方法进行古地貌研究的结果认为，沙三中段主要发育古洼陷、古斜坡、古沟谷和古凸起4种古地貌单元；通过岩芯观察和测井相分析认为，沙三中段主要发育分流河道、河口坝、浊流、分流间湾和前扇三角洲泥沉积微相。综合研究认为，小层沉积微相及厚度与古地貌形态具有较好的相关性。古洼陷储层主要发育分流河道及河口坝优质微相且沉积厚度最大，古斜坡和古沟谷次之，古凸起最差。综合古地貌、沉积微相及演化特征分析，有利储层主要受控于古地貌及沉积微相。以储层厚度和物性综合确定出沙三中段的“甜点”区分布，为特低渗油藏不同井区采取不同的开发策略提供了地质依据。
Abstract:The middle of the third member of Shahejie Formation of the Mid-Eocene (E2s3) in Bohai BZ Oilfield is an ultra-low permeability reservoir where fan delta deposits are developed. Due to the rapid lateral change of the reservoir and the unclear understanding of the "sweet spot" layer, the level of development of the oilfield is restricted. This paper focuses on the sedimentary evolution and favorable reservoir prediction of the middle of E2s3 to guide the development and adjustment of the ultra-low permeability reservoir. Combined with the regional sedimentary characteristics, drilling and seismic data, the residual thickness method and the impression method were used to reconstruct the palaeogeomorphology. Four types of palaeogeomorphic units are developed in the middle of E2s3, including ancient depression, ancient slope, ancient valley, and ancient uplift. Through core observation and well logging facies analysis, we found that distributary channel, estuarine bar, turbidity current, interdistributary bay, and front fan delta mud sedimentary microfacies were developed in the middle of E2s3. According to the research, the sedimentary microfacies and thickness of small layers show good correlation with the ancient geomorphic morphology. The reservoirs in the ancient depression developed mainly distributary channels and estuarine bars with high-quality microfacies and the largest sedimentary thickness, followed by the ancient slope and ancient valley, and the ancient uplift was the worst in this regard. Based on the analysis of palaeogeomorphology, sedimentary microfacies, and evolution characteristics, favorable reservoirs are mainly controlled by the palaeogeomorphology and sedimentary microfacies, and the distribution of "sweet spot" area in the middle of E2s3 was determined comprehensively based on reservoir thickness and physical properties. This study provided a geological basis for oil exploration in ultra-low permeability reservoirs in different development strategies and well areas.
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表 1 BZ油田沙三段沉积微相划分及其特征
Table 1. Sedimentary microfacies division and characteristics of the third member of Shahejie Formation in BZ Oilfield
亚相 微相类型 测井曲线特征 韵律及测井相形态 岩芯特征(照片) 岩相特征描述 单层砂岩厚度/m 扇三角洲前缘 分流河道 
韵律：正韵律
曲线形态：箱型或钟型
由含砾砂岩及中、粗粒砂岩组成。发育河道冲刷面，少见交错层理 5～15 河口坝 
韵律：反韵律、复合韵律
曲线形态：漏斗型
中细砂岩，分选、磨圆均较好，具小型交错层理、波纹交错层理或变形层理 3～5 浊流 
韵律：复合韵律
曲线形态：中幅锯齿型
由杂基支撑的砾岩和不等粒含砾砂岩组成，发育变形构造，顶底为渐变接触 1～3 分流间湾 
韵律：不明显
曲线形态：低幅锯齿型或平直型
以泥岩、粉砂质泥岩沉积为主，偶见细粒砂岩 <1 前扇三角洲 前扇三角洲泥 
韵律：不明显
曲线形态：平直型
储层不发育，沉积泥岩 0 
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