Research progress and countermeasures on geological hazards induced by extreme storms in the Yellow River Delta
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摘要:
受全球气候变化影响，河口三角洲及沿海地区极端风暴事件发生频率及其危害性不断加剧。风暴事件中海底沉积物在波浪荷载作用下产生压密固结、液化流变等动态响应，并伴随粒度成分、力学强度、结构分层等一系列海床工程地质性质的变化，诱发侵蚀、滑坡等海洋地质灾害，严重影响海洋资源开发工程及生态环境安全。黄河三角洲特殊的地理位置、气候特点和沉积特性，决定了其成为我国海洋地质灾害最多发的地区之一，是开展极端风暴事件下地质灾害机理与防控研究的理想试验场。近年来，海洋工程地质领域围绕风暴水动力-海底沉积物相互作用与致灾机理开展了大量研究，特别在极端风暴诱发海床液化、侵蚀冲刷、变形滑动的灾害特征、机制与定量评价方面取得了重要创新性成果，为全球气候背景下的海洋工程地质评价和防灾减灾提供了理论指导。今后应进一步加强多学科交叉与产学研联合攻关，在海洋地质灾害链生机制、灾害综合监测预警技术、海洋工程灾害防控技术等方面力争突破，不断提升我国海洋地质灾害应对能力。
Abstract:Under the influence of global climate change, the frequency and harmfulness level of extreme storm events in estuarine deltaic and coastal areas are increasing. In storm events, seabed sediments produce dynamic responses including pressure consolidation, liquefaction, and fluidization under wave stress, resulting in a series of impact on engineering geological properties, such as particle size composition, mechanical strength, and hierarchical structure. These dynamic responses induce marine geological disasters such as erosion and landslide, which seriously affect the stability of marine engineering construction and the safety of ecological environment. The special geographical location, climatic features, and sedimentary characteristics of the Yellow River Delta make it one of the areas where marine geological disasters happen most frequently in China. Thus it is an ideal background and unique testing ground for the study of geological disaster mechanism and its prevention and control under extreme storm events. In recent years, in the field of marine engineering geology, many studies have been carried out on the interaction between storm hydrodynamic force and seabed sediment, and on the mechanism of disaster. In particular, important innovative achievements have been made in characterization and mechanism of disaster development, quantitative evaluation on seabed liquefaction, erosion, deformation and sliding induced by extreme storms. It provides theoretical guidance for marine engineering geological evaluation and disaster prevention and/or mitigation under the global climate background. In the future, we should further strengthen the interdisciplinary and industry-university-institute cooperation, strive for breakthroughs in the chain-generation mechanism of marine geological disaster, comprehensive disaster monitoring and early warning technology, and marine engineering disaster prevention and control technology, and improve persistently China's ability of marine geological disaster response.
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