Paleoclimate, provenance, and tectonic setting of the First Member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the southern slope of Huanghekou Sag
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摘要:
碎屑沉积岩的主微量元素记录了丰富的地球化学信息，可用于古气候、物源及构造背景的恢复。通过对黄河口凹陷南斜坡古近系沙河街组一段（沙一段，E1s1）碎屑沉积岩元素地球化学分析，探讨了沙一段沉积时期古气候、物源及构造背景。Th/Sc-Zr/Sc图解和成分变异指数（ICV）表明，研究区沙一段物源为母岩风化后的首次沉积，成分成熟度较高；校正后的化学蚀变指数（CIAcorr）和钾长石蚀变指数（PIA）表明沙一段物源经历了中等程度的风化作用，沙一段沉积时期气候温暖湿润；主、微量和稀土元素显示，沙一段物源主要表现为上地壳来源长英质火成岩的特征，具有明显的负Eu异常，主要来源于前寒武纪花岗岩类岩石和少量中基性混合物源；物源区具有活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧的构造背景，较为复杂的构造背景与西太平洋板块向东亚大陆俯冲有关。
Abstract:The major and trace elements in clastic sedimentary rocks record abundant geochemical information, and can be used to reconstruct paleoclimate, provenance, and tectonic setting. Geochemical analysis of inorganic element in clastic sedimentary rocks of the first member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation (E1s1) in the southern slope of Huanghekou Sag was conducted, and the paleoclimate, provenance and tectonic setting of the Es1 were discussed. Th/Sc-Zr/Sc diagram and index of compositional variability (ICV) indicate that the source of the Es1 in the study area was the first deposition unit after weathering of the parent rocks, and the compositional maturity was relatively high. The corrected chemical index of alteration (CIAcorr) and plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) indicate that the source of the Es1 underwent moderate weathering, and the sedimentary period was warm and humid paleoclimatic conditions. Major, trace, and rare earth elements show that the provenance of Es1 is characterized by upper crust derived felsic igneous rocks, featuring obvious negative Eu anomaly, and the materials of provenance was mainly derived from Precambrian granitoids and some intermediate-basic mixture sources. The tectonic background of the provenance area was active continental margin and continental island arc. The complex tectonic background was related to the subduction of the Western Pacific plate to the East Asian continent.
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Key words:
- provenance /
- paleoclimate /
- tectonic setting /
- the First Member of Shahejie Formation /
- Huanghekou Sag
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表 1 沙一段主量元素含量及相关参数
Table 1. Content of major elements and related parameters of the E1s1
岩性 样品编号 主量元素/% 烧失量/% 主量元素相关参数 SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3T MgO CaO Na2O K2O MnO TiO2 P2O5 FeO Fe2O3 ICV CIAcorr PIA K2O/
Na2OSiO2/
Al2O3F1 F2 F3 F4 泥岩 B-2 53.62 21.56 6.28 1.69 0.316 1.02 5.1 0.041 0.871 0.079 2.5 3.78 9.32 0.71 80.31 88.60 5.00 2.49 0.02 1.22 0.72 0.02 B-3 56.75 19.78 6.07 1.29 0.398 2.18 4.46 0.08 1.01 0.057 3.37 2.7 7.84 0.78 72.67 78.18 2.05 2.87 0.46 2.48 1.12 −0.42 B-7 60.79 20.44 3.21 1.13 0.369 2.11 4.64 0.039 0.951 0.064 2.1 1.11 6.19 0.61 73.63 79.45 2.20 2.97 −1.53 3.44 2.76 0.70 B-11 54.45 21.53 5.19 1.57 0.687 2.04 4.84 0.072 1.14 0.095 3.42 1.77 8.24 0.72 73.13 78.82 2.37 2.53 −0.17 3.12 1.85 0.72 C-1 60.52 16.49 5.99 2.19 0.673 1.61 3.42 0.076 0.766 0.106 3.74 2.25 8.11 0.89 72.16 77.94 2.12 3.67 −1.50 −1.36 −0.02 0.66 C-2 59.23 16.85 6.3 2.3 0.719 1.5 3.51 0.078 0.772 0.102 3.62 2.68 8.54 0.90 72.76 78.71 2.34 3.52 −1.31 −1.54 −0.22 0.68 C-3 59 17.07 6.18 2.31 0.731 1.48 3.52 0.078 0.77 0.101 3.55 2.63 8.64 0.88 72.95 79.01 2.38 3.46 −1.28 −1.51 −0.21 0.72 C-4 59.42 16.69 6.29 2.39 0.795 1.49 3.44 0.078 0.759 0.106 3.61 2.68 8.47 0.91 72.23 78.07 2.31 3.56 −1.42 −1.76 −0.30 0.81 C-5 58.27 17.07 5.9 2.46 0.999 1.34 3.45 0.071 0.779 0.101 3.38 2.52 9.52 0.88 72.05 77.92 2.57 3.41 −1.52 −1.78 −0.16 1.20 C-6 44.71 14.93 6.13 2.35 3.59 0.774 2.79 0.11 0.593 0.377 3.01 3.12 23.62 1.09 75.18 63.32 3.60 2.99 1.83 −1.90 −1.92 0.54 泥质粉砂岩 A-1 63.62 17.62 4.41 0.788 0.52 2.19 3.08 0.048 0.746 0.097 2.14 2.27 6.79 0.67 70.69 76.80 1.41 3.61 0.80 1.11 −0.21 −1.57 A-2 61.98 17.07 5.4 1.21 0.565 1.99 3.35 0.097 0.882 0.083 4.01 1.39 7.36 0.79 70.95 76.62 1.68 3.63 −0.08 0.51 0.10 −0.67 A-3 65.02 16.54 4.37 0.978 0.493 2.13 3.38 0.064 0.792 0.077 2.72 1.65 6.08 0.74 70.13 75.34 1.59 3.93 −0.84 1.12 0.99 −0.66 A-4 66.74 13.43 3.59 1.26 2.46 2.56 2.55 0.095 0.468 0.063 2.59 1 6.66 0.97 54.08 55.56 1.00 4.97 −0.66 0.98 1.04 −0.85 B-1 62.97 15.8 5.7 1.14 0.58 2.2 3.73 0.109 0.807 0.07 3.79 1.91 6.77 0.90 68.47 72.30 1.70 3.99 −0.83 1.26 1.22 −0.83 B-4 64.36 17.82 3.51 0.826 0.411 2.6 4.04 0.044 0.839 0.058 1.91 1.6 5.46 0.69 69.06 73.35 1.55 3.61 −1.27 3.28 2.71 −0.21 B-5 63.03 17.72 4.01 1.07 0.429 2.23 4.08 0.088 0.913 0.071 2.84 1.17 6.24 0.72 70.88 75.67 1.83 3.56 −1.63 2.46 2.47 0.30 B-6 64.43 17.58 3.5 0.999 0.4 2.32 4.04 0.06 0.897 0.069 2.54 0.96 5.7 0.69 70.45 75.10 1.74 3.66 −1.96 2.66 2.82 0.42 B-8 61.43 19.36 3.62 1.07 0.699 2.07 4.23 0.049 0.892 0.069 2.31 1.31 6.44 0.65 71.37 76.62 2.04 3.17 −0.94 2.79 2.11 0.24 B-9 61.28 17.82 4.58 1.32 0.555 2.1 4.26 0.085 0.866 0.079 3.25 1.33 6.93 0.77 70.97 75.55 2.03 3.44 −1.58 2.18 2.31 0.37 B-10 63.02 17.95 3.57 1.2 0.687 2.23 4.23 0.044 0.886 0.082 2.29 1.28 6.06 0.72 69.67 73.90 1.90 3.51 −2.04 2.74 2.96 0.75 B-11 60.8 17.78 4.78 1.26 0.504 2.14 4.23 0.107 0.942 0.08 3.63 1.15 7 0.79 71.04 75.67 1.98 3.42 −1.44 2.26 2.26 0.36 砂岩 B-12 68.32 12.11 1.76 1.11 3.97 3.27 3.01 0.044 0.246 0.071 1.55 0.21 5.94 1.11 46.60 41.60 0.92 5.64 −1.62 3.90 5.14 −0.19 B-13 69.24 14.25 1.45 0.888 2.04 3.33 3.35 0.022 0.338 0.061 1.19 0.26 4.64 0.80 53.84 54.02 1.01 4.86 −2.06 4.04 4.66 −0.38 
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表 2 沙一段微量及稀土元素含量及相关参数
Table 2. Contents of trace and rare earth elements and related parameters in the E1s1
岩性 样品编号 微量元素/10−6 微量元素相关参数 稀土元素/10−6 稀土元素相关参数 Sc V Cr Co Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Ba Th U Zr Hf Zr/Sc Th/Sc La/Th La/Sc Co/Th La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu ∑REE
/10−6L/H La/Yb GdN/
YbNδEu 泥岩 B-2 17.8 120 128 19 41.6 33.5 117 221 268 1570 15.5 2.73 141 4.24 7.92 0.87 3.39 2.95 1.23 52.5 99 11.4 42.4 6.42 1.32 5.65 0.866 4.38 0.824 2.58 0.423 2.54 0.373 230.68 12.08 20.67 1.79 0.66 B-3 16.9 115 160 14 24 54.4 162 146 291 1482 14.6 3.14 160 4.8 9.47 0.86 3.95 3.41 0.96 57.7 100 12.4 46 6.94 1.33 5.86 0.953 4.82 0.88 2.93 0.509 3.27 0.494 244.09 11.38 17.65 1.45 0.62 B-7 14.6 109 149 16.9 30.4 51.7 189 171 307 1458 15.1 2.55 145 4.79 9.93 1.03 3.40 3.51 1.12 51.3 91.9 11.1 40.2 6.22 1.21 4.92 0.782 4.11 0.725 2.58 0.457 2.73 0.393 218.63 12.09 18.79 1.45 0.65 B-11 17.3 119 160 13.8 29.3 33.6 108 169 314 1660 15.9 2.38 169 5.72 9.77 0.92 3.72 3.42 0.87 59.1 107 12.6 43.5 6.6 1.56 6.11 0.902 4.78 0.877 3.04 0.469 3.05 0.495 250.08 11.68 19.38 1.62 0.74 C-1 13.3 91.3 120 16.9 35.3 28.4 94.7 135 339 872 12 1.88 125 3.52 9.40 0.90 3.81 3.44 1.41 45.7 88.3 10.5 36.8 5.95 1.43 5.5 0.865 4.53 0.762 2.69 0.394 2.29 0.363 206.07 10.85 19.96 1.94 0.75 C-2 15.3 100 123 18.6 39.7 29.2 98.6 144 322 849 13 2.02 129 3.78 8.43 0.85 3.87 3.29 1.43 50.3 95.7 11 40.1 6.85 1.5 5.48 0.872 4.68 0.911 2.53 0.389 2.4 0.413 223.13 11.62 20.96 1.84 0.73 C-3 14 104 110 16.9 35.8 29.4 99.1 134 323 811 12.6 1.98 120 3.64 8.57 0.90 3.95 3.56 1.34 49.8 92.6 10.5 38.2 6.25 1.45 5.73 0.882 4.65 0.889 2.67 0.403 2.45 0.398 216.87 11.00 20.33 1.89 0.73 C-4 15 95.3 122 16.5 36.6 30.4 87.8 144 359 827 11.9 2.03 130 3.65 8.67 0.79 4.26 3.38 1.39 50.7 97.7 11 40.4 6.77 1.42 5.69 0.896 4.81 0.796 2.64 0.403 2.68 0.374 226.28 11.37 18.92 1.71 0.68 C-5 14.8 91.7 114 12.3 28.8 31.8 102 146 355 815 12.6 2.42 132 3.77 8.92 0.85 4.40 3.74 0.98 55.4 105 11.9 44.1 7.49 1.65 6.55 0.976 5.2 0.898 2.87 0.381 2.58 0.436 245.43 11.34 21.47 2.05 0.70 C-6 15.5 196 106 27.7 63.6 87.1 200 117 475 728 12.5 7.17 121 3.22 7.81 0.81 3.92 3.16 2.22 49 96.6 10.8 42.7 7.47 1.48 6.14 1.07 5.62 1.13 3.34 0.466 2.93 0.478 229.22 9.83 16.72 1.69 0.65 泥质粉砂岩 A-1 11 85.9 159 17.3 42.8 44.5 178 98.7 472 893 10.6 2.58 123 3.97 11.18 0.96 4.22 4.06 1.63 44.7 84.2 11.4 39.7 7.14 1.78 6.17 0.892 4.43 0.844 2.67 0.385 2.37 0.339 207.02 10.44 18.86 2.10 0.80 A-2 12.9 85.5 152 18.6 34.8 53 183 119 365 920 12.6 2.61 138 4.58 10.70 0.98 4.09 3.99 1.48 51.5 90.7 11.3 41.6 6.08 1.4 5.43 0.873 4.31 0.855 2.7 0.459 2.73 0.408 220.35 11.40 18.86 1.61 0.73 A-3 9.79 78.1 129 14.9 33.3 24.7 102 111 371 1053 11.6 2.57 133 4.06 13.59 1.18 4.19 4.96 1.28 48.6 86.7 10.2 38.4 6.15 1.14 4.96 0.869 4.28 0.737 2.34 0.393 2.27 0.36 207.40 11.80 21.41 1.76 0.61 A-4 11.7 61.9 130 8.72 22.8 37.7 140 74.2 432 860 7.21 1.88 86.5 2.58 7.39 0.62 4.48 2.76 1.21 32.3 55.1 7.14 27 4.64 1.14 4.1 0.702 3.43 0.666 1.94 0.314 1.89 0.29 140.65 9.55 17.09 1.75 0.78 B-1 12.9 74.7 140 18.5 32.2 25 71.5 118 273 1153 10.5 3.37 135 4.33 10.47 0.81 4.17 3.40 1.76 43.8 78.8 9.82 33.8 5.5 1.15 4.8 0.769 4.24 0.871 2.83 0.446 2.67 0.436 189.93 10.13 16.40 1.45 0.67 B-4 10.8 82.6 139 11.4 23.9 50.4 153 123 312 1374 11.5 2.72 136 4.27 12.59 1.06 4.40 4.69 0.99 50.6 87 10.6 37.6 6.17 1.23 5.14 0.772 4.29 0.808 2.54 0.431 2.94 0.436 210.56 11.13 17.21 1.41 0.65 B-5 13 107 136 17 30.8 56.6 177 132 288 1333 12.2 2.55 138 4.34 10.62 0.94 4.27 4.01 1.39 52.1 92.4 11.4 38.9 6.13 1.34 5.63 0.858 4.32 0.909 2.93 0.445 2.56 0.454 220.38 11.17 20.35 1.77 0.69 B-6 12.1 87.5 151 17.5 33.5 55.6 189 143 343 1485 12.2 2.66 147 4.3 12.15 1.01 4.49 4.53 1.43 54.8 97.7 11.4 42 6.76 1.44 5.42 0.838 4.44 0.801 2.62 0.42 2.88 0.436 231.96 11.99 19.03 1.52 0.70 B-8 13.3 88.1 194 10.6 21.1 28.3 110 142 309 1381 12.6 2.66 132 4.49 9.92 0.95 3.92 3.71 0.84 49.4 88.2 10.1 35.5 5.26 0.994 4.44 0.691 3.67 0.743 2.44 0.398 2.68 0.403 204.92 12.25 18.43 1.34 0.61 B-9 14.2 71.7 138 20.9 36.4 30.8 108 151 301 1322 12.1 2.27 130 3.77 9.15 0.85 4.21 3.58 1.73 50.9 91 10.6 39.1 6.73 1.25 5.11 0.842 4.78 0.822 2.6 0.398 2.58 0.405 217.12 11.38 19.73 1.60 0.63 B-10 12 89.3 164 13.4 28.1 28 89.7 139 304 1296 12.2 2.24 146 4.26 12.17 1.02 4.31 4.38 1.10 52.6 90.8 10.4 39.3 6.27 1.17 5.07 0.755 3.93 0.719 2.4 0.396 2.62 0.412 216.84 12.30 20.08 1.56 0.62 B-11 14.6 100 154 20.2 37.3 32.6 93.3 148 296 1273 13.6 2.46 132 3.6 9.04 0.93 3.85 3.58 1.49 52.3 98 11.2 43.8 6.42 1.26 5.78 0.966 4.76 0.857 2.86 0.451 2.84 0.422 231.92 11.25 18.42 1.64 0.62 砂岩 B-12 4.14 28.8 157 4.54 12.3 4.88 20.9 77 371 1068 4.38 1.3 42.8 1.25 10.34 1.06 5.25 5.56 1.04 23 41.5 4.86 18.4 3.19 0.705 2.56 0.441 2.15 0.434 1.32 0.173 1.27 0.179 100.18 10.75 18.11 1.63 0.73 B-13 4.41 38.3 152 4.08 9.46 6.78 28.6 81.6 342 1158 4.95 1.32 62.4 1.74 14.15 1.12 5.68 6.37 0.82 28.1 46 5.72 20.8 3.43 0.753 2.87 0.431 2.25 0.412 1.28 0.192 1.28 0.192 113.71 11.77 21.95 1.81 0.71
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表 3 研究区沙一段碎屑沉积岩与不同构造背景沉积盆地杂砂岩的REE特征对比
Table 3. Comparison in REE characteristics between clastic sedimentary rocks in E1s1 and greywacke of sedimentary basins in different tectonic settings
构造背景 源区类型 La/10−6 Ce/10−6 ∑REE/10−6 L/H La/ Yb LaN/YbN δEu 大洋岛弧 未切割的岩浆弧 8（1.7） 19（3.7） 58（10） 3.8（0.9） 4.2（1.3） 2.8（0.9） 1.04（0.11） 大陆岛弧 切割的岩浆弧 27（4.5） 59（8.2） l46（20） 7.7（1.7） 11（3.6） 7.5（2.5） 0.79（0.13） 活动大陆边缘 上隆的基底 37 78 186 9.1 12.5 8.5 0.6 被动大陆边缘 克拉通内部构造高地 39 85 210 8.5 15.9 10.8 0.56 泥岩平均值 52.15 97.38 229.05 11.32 19.48 13.14 0.69 矫正后泥岩 43.46 81.15 190.88 泥质粉砂岩平均值 48.63 86.72 208.25 11.23 18.82 12.69 0.68 矫正后泥质粉砂岩 40.53 72.27 173.54 砂岩平均值 25.55 43.75 106.95 11.26 20.03 13.51 0.72 注：括号内数值为标准偏差，构造背景的数据引自文献[49]。
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