Seasonal variationin recharge of infiltration from precipitation for the inland basins of northwestern China: taking the Changji groundwater balance test station in Xinjiang as an example
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摘要: 西北内陆盆地降水稀少，一年中有较长时间的冻结期，了解其降水入渗补给规律的季节性变化对于准确评估其地下水资源量和解释气候变化对其地下水补给的影响非常重要。采用新疆昌吉地下水均衡试验站27套地中蒸渗仪1992—2015年试验资料，应用拉依达法则筛选出长系列观测资料中的异常值，结合昌吉试验场相关气象要素观测资料划分西北内陆盆地冻结期、冻融期和非冻结期的时间区间，分析不同时期影响降水入渗补给地下水的主要因素；计算不同时期多年平均降水入渗补给量占多年平均年降水入渗补给量的百分比，确定不同季节对年降水入渗补给的重要性；依据多年平均降水入渗补给量随潜水埋深的变化规律，确定冻融期、非冻结期不同土质降水入渗的最佳潜水埋深。结果表明：在试验条件下，砂卵砾石和细砂非冻结期最佳潜水埋深为0.5 m，轻黏土非冻结期最佳潜水埋深0.1 m；细砂冻融期最佳潜水埋深为1.0 m，砂卵砾石冻融期最佳潜水埋深为0.5 m，轻黏土冻融期最佳潜水埋深为0.1 m；冻结期地下水位埋深对土壤入渗能力的影响十分明显，潜水埋深和降水入渗补给量之间没有显著的线性关系；冻融期是西北内陆盆地浅埋型地下水降水入渗补给的重要时期，冻结期是西北内陆盆地深埋型地下水降水入渗补给的重要时期。Abstract: The inland basins of northwestern China has little precipitation and a long freezing period in a year. It is very important to understand the seasonal variation in recharge of infiltration from precipitation for accurately evaluating groundwater resources and explaining the impact of climate change on groundwater recharge in cold and arid regions. This article adopts experimental data of 27 sets of lysimeters in the Groundwater Balance Test Station of Changji, Xinjiang from 1992 to 2015, applies the Layda's rule to screen outliers in long series of observations, combines the observational data of meteorological factors of the test station to divide time range of freezing period, thawing period and non-freezing period in the inland basins of northwestern China, analyzes influencing factors on infiltration recharge of groundwater in different periods. The importance of different seasons to annual recharge infiltration precipitation is determined by calculating the percentage of average replenishment of infiltration from precipitation during different periods to average annual replenishment of infiltration from precipitation. According to the change law of annual replenishment of infiltration from precipitation with groundwater depth, the optimal burial depth for different soil texture in the thawing period and non-freezing period is determined. The results indicate that under the test conditions, the optimal depth of sand gravel and fine sand are 0.5 m in the non-freezing period, and the optimal depth of light clay is 0.1 m in the non-freezing period. The optimal depth of fine sand is 1.0 m in the thawing period, the optimal depth of sand gravel is 0.5 m in the thawing period, and the optimal depth of light clay is 0.1 m in the thawing period. The impact of depth of groundwater level on soil infiltration capacity during freezing period is quite obvious, and there is no significant linear relationship between depth of groundwater level and replenishment of infiltration from precipitation. The thawing period is an important period of replenishment of infiltration from precipitation for the shallow-buried groundwater. The freezing period is an important period of replenishment of infiltration from precipitation for deep-buried groundwater.
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