Improvement of the traditional transient electromagnetic method and its application to advanced geological forecast of tunnel
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摘要:
为保证施工人员和设备的安全，在隧道开挖过程中需要掌握掌子面前方含水不良地质体的发育情况。较为常用的探测含水不良地质体的物探方法为传统瞬变电磁法。由于以往没有重视探测装置与地质体间的耦合关系，传统瞬变电磁法沿单一测线进行数据采集的方式只能从单一角度发射磁场从而获得单一角度的探测结果，因此一直存在预报不准、漏报等问题。为了克服上述问题，提高预报的准确性，文章对传统瞬变电磁法进行了改进。基于探测装置与地质体间的良-强耦合关系，提出了一种能从水平和竖直方向进行多角度探测的共轴偶极法，通过转动探测装置从多个角度发射磁场，使单一角度无法探测的地质体也能与磁场达到良-强耦合效果，从而降低预报不准、漏报的可能性。共轴偶极法具有多个角度的探测结果，多个结果相互印证，具有比传统方法更高的准确性。在九绵高速公路天池隧道里程为YK223+135—YK223+035段内进行传统方法和共轴偶极法预报，开挖验证表明共轴偶极法对含水节理裂隙和岩溶裂隙等含水不良地质体的预报准确性比传统方法高，可为类似隧道超前地质预报工作提供一定参考。
Abstract:In order to ensure the safety of construction personnel and equipment during tunnel excavation, it is necessary to master the development of water-bearing poor geological bodies in front of the tunnel face. The most commonly used geophysical exploration method to detect water-bearing poor geological bodies is the traditional transient electromagnetic method. Since no attention has been paid to the coupling relationship between the detection devices and the geological bodies, the traditional transient electromagnetic method for data acquisition along a single survey line can only launch a magnetic field from a single angle to obtain the detection results from a single angle. Therefore, problems such as inaccurate forecast and missed forecast have always existed. In order to overcome the above problems, improve the accuracy of forecast, the traditional transient electromagnetic method is improved in this paper, based on the well-strong coupling relationship between the detection devices and the geological bodies, a coaxial dipole method with multi-angle detection from horizontal and vertical directions is proposed. By rotating the detection devices to emit magnetic field from multiple angles, the geological bodies that cannot be detected from a single angle can also achieve a well-strong coupling effect with the magnetic field, thus reducing the possibility of inaccurate forecast and missed forecast. The coaxial dipole method has more accuracy than the traditional method because of its multi-angle detection results. The traditional method and the coaxial dipole method were used to forecast in Tianchi tunnel in Jiumian expressway from YK223+135 to YK223+035. The excavation verification shows that the accuracy of the coaxial dipole method for water-bearing poor geological bodies such as water-bearing joints and karst fractures is higher than that of the traditional method. This method can provide some references for similar tunnel advanced geological forecast.
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表 1 传统方法案例
Table 1. Traditional approach cases
隧道 里程范围 预报情况 实际情况 准确度 明月峡隧道 YK26+535—YK26+526 岩体较完整，岩溶弱发育 岩体较破碎 差 YK26+526—YK26+510 岩体较完整，岩溶弱发育 岩体较破碎，湿润-滴水 差 YK26+510—YK26+502 岩体破碎，岩溶裂隙发育 岩体破碎，湿润-滴水，局部为线状流水。 一般 YK26+502—YK26+490 存在溶洞，可能突泥和裂隙涌水 存在岩溶裂隙，局部存在突泥现象，滴水-局部线状出水 一般 铜锣山隧道 YK34+482—YK34+277 围岩稳定性较差，地下水呈渗水状 岩体呈松软结构，地下水呈淋水状 一般 YK34+519—YK34+554 围岩稳定性较差，地下水可能为小股状裂隙水 岩体呈块碎状结构，地下水呈潮湿-滴水状 一般 YK34+554—YK34+589 围岩稳定性较差，地下水可能为线状 围岩较破碎，地下水呈潮湿-滴水状，局部呈线状 一般 YK34+589—YK34+624 围岩稳定性较差，存在裂隙水 围岩较破碎，地下水呈潮湿-滴水状，局部呈线状 一般 YK34+624—YK34+659 围岩稳定性较差，地下水可能为线状 围岩较破碎，地下水呈潮湿-滴水状，局部呈线状 一般 YK34+659—YK34+694 围岩稳定性较差，存在裂隙水 围岩较破碎，地下水呈潮湿-滴水状 一般 引汉济渭秦岭隧洞 K10+085—K10+065 围岩裂隙较发育，裂隙水较发育 岩体破碎，渗水 一般 明月山隧道 YK6+813—YK6+808 存在岩溶裂隙水，滴水，线状出水 裂隙一般发育，局部渗水 一般 YK6+783—YK6+793 岩体破碎，存在裂隙水，线状出水 裂隙较发育，局部渗水 一般 YK7+177—YK7+092 存在岩溶裂隙水，小股状涌水 节理裂隙一般发育，渗滴水 一般 YK7+079—YK7+009 存在岩溶裂隙流水，线状出水 节理裂隙发育，局部渗水 一般 
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表 2 解译与开挖验证
Table 2. Interpretation and excavation verification
预报里程 解译 开挖验证 准确度 传统方法 共轴偶极法 传统
方法共轴偶
极法YK223+115—YK223+060 视电阻率为0～5 Ω·m，推测此段内岩体较完整，可能出现小股状流水 图8（a）（b）（c）视电阻率等值线稀疏，不平行。图8（a）视电阻率为0～5 Ω·m，图8（b）为2～5 Ω·m，图8（c）为2～5 Ω·m，推测此段内存在岩溶裂隙，可能出现小股状流水
YK223+115、YK223+095岩性主要为中等-强风化灰岩，
局部为砾岩，产状为319°∠65°，岩体较破碎，节理裂隙
局发育，局部存在岩溶裂隙，存在多处小股状流水，局
部存在渗、滴水现象一般 高 YK223+060—YK223+045 图8（a）（b）（c）视电阻率等值线稀疏，不平行。图8（a）视电阻率为5～12 Ω·m，图8（b）为5～10 Ω·m，图8（c）为5～12 Ω·m，推测此段内岩体较破碎，存在渗、滴水现象
YK223+060、YK223+055岩性主要为中等-强风化灰岩，
局部为砾岩和砂岩，产状为310°∠71°，岩体较破碎，局
部节理裂隙局发育，整体存在渗、滴水现象一般 高 YK223+045—YK223+035 视电阻率等值线稀疏，基本平行，视电阻率为5～10 Ω·m，推测此段内岩体较完整，可能出现渗、滴水现象
YK223+045、YK223+035岩性主要为中等-强风化灰岩，局部为砾岩和砂岩，产状为313°∠75°，局部破碎，整体存局在渗、滴水现象高 高
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