Experimental investigation on same diameter sealing and stratified pumping of hard rock hydrogeological parameter well
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摘要:
针对传统施工程序无法解决坚硬岩石止水环隙很小（仅3 mm）钻孔的同径止水及分层抽水试验问题，以山西某水文地质参数井为研究对象，采用现场和室内综合试验的方法,对同径止水方案、材料、技术、分层抽水等工艺进行研究。结果表明：（1） 同径止水装置经过特殊的“外掏内缩”设计与制作，使止水外环间隙由3 mm增大到8.5 mm，解决了“极小止水环隙”下的同径止水问题；经抽水检验，止水效果良好。（2） 在孔外一系列试验的基础上，定制的止水材料和选择的止水组合与本孔的适应性强，下管风险小，实施过程相当顺利。（3）专门设计的分层导水管路，其上串接的隔离封水胶球与止水套管柱内设置的锥形隔水接头相互契合，封水可靠，形成了两套独立的导水管路，满足了上、下含水层分层抽水试验的工况。研究结果可为类似水文地质参数井开展同径止水或分层抽水试验研究提供参考。
Abstract:On account of the problem of the same diameter sealing and stratified pumping test in a hard rock borehole with very small water-sealing ring gap (only 3 mm) unsolved by traditional construction procedures, taking the hydrogeological parameter well located in Shanxi Province as the research object, the in-situ and laboratory comprehensive tests are employed to implement the research on the construction process of same diameter water sealing plans, materials, technology, as well as the stratified pumping test. Results show that, (1) as for the water sealing device with the same diameter, the outer of the water sealing ring gap is increased from 3 mm to 8.5 mm by special design and manufacture of “cut out and shrink in” to solve the problem of same diameter water-sealing under the situation of extremely small water sealing ring gap, which performs well via the pumping test inspection. (2)Based on the series of tests research outside the bore hole, the custom-made “sealing material” and selected “water sealing combination” have strong adaptability with the hole, and the implementation of down-pipe goes rather smooth with low risk. (3)The stratified aqueduct is specially designed, on which the concatenated isolation sealing rubber ball fit well with the conical water isolating joint set in the waterproof casing pipe. The water sealing is reliable, and two sets of independent aqueduct are formed to meet the stratified pumping test of the upper and lower aquifers. The research results can provide reference for the same diameter water sealing or stratified pumping test of similar hydrogeological parameter wells.wells.
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表 1 3种止水方案试验项目与可行性评价结果
Table 1. Test items and feasibility evaluation results of three water-stopping schemes
方案 理论孔径/mm 装配外径/mm 膨胀外径/mm 充盈比/% 组合特征 实施可行性 A方案 95 111 131 138 胶带+海带 装配外径超径无法入孔 B方案 95 93 140 147 胶带+海带 装配外径比较合适 C方案 95 93 145 153 胶带+胶粒 水泥伞装配整型困难 
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表 2 3种膨胀止水材料室内浸泡试验性能数据
Table 2. Indoor immersion test performance data of three kinds of expansive water-stopping materials
材料名称 规格 形状 浸泡/h 膨胀率/% 性状描述 膨胀胶带 宽100 mm、
厚10 mm（定制）矩形条带状 36 厚200，宽120 形状不变，体积增大，边界规整，有些类似产品
呈絮状边界，不适宜优质食用海带 无 薄片状 8 200 体积净增加1倍，形状仍为薄片状，无絮状边界，具有一定的强度 吸水膨胀胶粒 无 颗粒状形态直径，约1.0 mm 6 200 体积净增加1倍，形状仍为粒状，无絮状边界，强度很弱，靠其膨胀后溢出伞体外形成环状体进行止水
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表 3 水文参数井分层抽水数据表
Table 3. Summary of layered pumping data of hydrological parameter well
抽次 控制流量/（m3∙h−1） 降深/m 单位涌水量/（L∙s−1∙m−1） 影响半径/m 渗透系数/（m∙d−1） 静止水位/m 最高水温/°C 第一次（下层） 15.26 92.79 0.0457 156.50 0.0285 20.71 46.5 10.07 61.15 0.0457 100.40 0.0270 46.0 5.90 35.70 0.0459 56.47 0.0250 45.5 第二次（上层） 20.69 31.30 0.1836 123.70 0.1561 20.30 46.0 15.26 23.00 0.1843 89.02 0.1498 45.5 10.07 15.10 0.1853 56.71 0.1411 45.0 第三次（混合） 30.71 30.05 0.2839 92.53 0.0948 20.45 46.5 22.12 21.05 0.2918 64.04 0.0926 46.0 13.03 13.03 0.2992 35.66 0.0869 45.5
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