Geological suitability evaluation of underground space development in the Nanshan District of Shenzhen based on constraint conditions
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摘要:
地下空间资源是城市的重要资源之一，土地资源有限的深圳市亟需开展地下空间地质适宜性评价以指导地下空间开发利用。地下空间开发地质适宜性受多种地质因素制约，需采取恰当的评价体系与方法。文章以深圳市南山区为研究区，结合地质背景与深圳市地下空间资源利用规划，提出将约束地质因素作为一级评价指标的约束评价体系，并分别利用经验分值评价法和模糊综合评价法对常规体系和约束体系的浅层（0~15 m）和次浅层（>15~30 m）地下空间进行地质适宜性评价。结果显示：（1）相对于常规评价体系，约束评价体系提高了约束性地质因素的总体权重；（2）约束体系下地质环境适宜性差和不适宜区主要分布在断裂带、地质灾害高发区以及水源地区域，与研究区实际地质条件更为符合；（3）规划的地下空间重点开发区在开发利用过程中应该注意不适宜区因砂土液化引起的地层失稳、地面塌陷等问题，合理规避约束性活动断裂带区域岩体破碎、地下水富集等问题。研究可为深圳市南山区地下空间资源利用规划提供有力支撑。
Abstract:Urban underground space resource is one of the vital resources of the city. Shenzhen is the city with limited land resources and urgently needs to carry out geological suitability evaluation of underground space to guide the development and utilization of underground space. However, the development of underground space resource is restricted by a variety of geological factors. It is necessary to use appropriate methods to evaluate the geological suitability of underground space development. Taking the Nanshan District of Shenzhen as the study area, this paper proposes a constraint evaluation system that takes the constrained geological factors as the first-level evaluation index and combines the geological background of the study area with the planning of underground space resources utilization in Shenzhen. The geological suitability of shallow underground space (0−15 m) and sub-shallow underground space (>15−30 m) in the study area of the conventional system and constrained system is evaluated by using the empirical score evaluation method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results show that (1) compared with the conventional evaluation system, the constraint evaluation system improves the overall weight of the constraint geological factors. (2) According to the evaluation results of the constraint system, the poor and unsuitable areas are mainly distributed in the fault zone, high incidence of geological disasters and surface water area, which is more consistent with the actual geological conditions of the study area. (3) Attention should be paid to the geological problems such as stratum instability and ground collapse caused by sand liquefaction in the unsuitable areas during the development and utilization of the key development zones in planning. Meanwhile, geological problems such as rock fragmentation and groundwater enrichment in the region of restricted active faults should be avoided reasonably. This study strongly supports the planning of underground space resource utilization in the Nanshan District of Shenzhen.
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表 1 研究区浅层地质适宜性的约束评价体系
Table 1. Constraint system of shallow geological suitability evaluation in the study area
目标层 准则层 指标层 城市地下空间
浅层地质适宜性
评价地形地貌 地貌类型 地形坡度 水文地质 水位埋深 腐蚀性 水质 工程地质 工程分区 第四系厚度 软土厚度 土质结构 地表水体 地表水体 断裂带 断裂带 砂土液化 砂土液化 地质灾害易发性 地质灾害易发性 
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表 2 研究区次浅层地质适宜性评价的约束体系
Table 2. Constraint system of sub-shallow geological suitability evaluation in the study area
目标层 准则层 指标层 城市地下空间
次浅层地质适宜性
评价水文地质 腐蚀性 水质 工程地质 工程分区 第四系厚度 地表水体 地表水体 断裂带 断裂带 砂土液化 砂土液化 地质灾害易发性 地质灾害易发性
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表 3 常规体系下浅层指标权重
Table 3. Index weights of the conventional evaluation system for shallow layers
准则层因素 准则层权重 指标层因素 指标层权重 总权重 权重排序 地形地貌 0.1070 地貌类型 0.3333 0.0357 10 地形坡度 0.6667 0.0713 6 水文地质 0.1849 水位埋深 0.2968 0.0549 8 地表水体 0.4852 0.0897 4 腐蚀性 0.1090 0.0202 12 水质 0.1090 0.0202 13 工程地质 0.2926 工程分区 0.1564 0.0458 9 第四系厚度 0.2938 0.0860 5 软土厚度 0.4621 0.1352 2 土体结构 0.0877 0.0257 11 敏感地质因素 0.4155 断裂带 0.6301 0.2618 1 砂土液化 0.1515 0.0629 7 地质灾害易发性 0.2184 0.0907 3 注：总权重=准则层权重×指标层权重。
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表 4 约束体系下浅层指标权重
Table 4. Index weights of the constraint system for shallow layers
准则层因素 准则层权重 指标层因素 指标层权重 总权重 权重排序 地形地貌 0.0381 地貌类型 0.3333 0.0127 12 地形坡度 0.6667 0.0254 8 水文地质 0.0676 水位埋深 0.6000 0.0406 6 腐蚀性 0.2000 0.0135 10 水质 0.2000 0.0135 11 工程地质 0.0942 工程分区 0.1564 0.0147 9 第四系厚度 0.2938 0.0277 7 软土厚度 0.4621 0.0435 5 土质结构 0.0877 0.0083 13 地表水体 0.2268 地表水体 1 0.2268 1 断裂带 0.2136 断裂带 1 0.2136 3 砂土液化 0.1329 砂土液化 1 0.1329 4 地质灾害易发性 0.2268 地质灾害易发性 1 0.2268 2
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表 5 各个指标不同分区的评分
Table 5. Scores of each index in different zones
一级指标 二级
指标评 分 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 地形地貌 地貌类型 填海 人工挖填 丘陵 残丘 台地 平原 地形坡度 >80° >70°～80° >60°～70° >50°～60° >40°～50° >30°～40° >20°～30° >10°～20° 5°～10° <5° 水文地质 水位埋深 <2 m 2～<3 m 3～<4 m 4～<5 m 5～<6 m 6～<7 m 7～<8 m 8～<9 m 9～11 m 地表水体 有 无 腐蚀性 强腐蚀性 中腐蚀性 弱腐蚀性 无腐蚀性 水质 较差 较好 良好 工程地质 工程分区 人工填土地段 丘间谷地 侵入岩岩土亚区 一般沉积地段 变质岩岩土亚区 第四系厚度 >15 m >10～15 m 5～10 m <5 m 软土厚度 >16 m >14～16 m >12～14 m >10～12 m >8～10 m >6～8 m >4～6 m >2～4 m 0～2 m 土体结构 多层 单层 敏感地质
因素断裂带 ≤300 m >300m 砂土液化 严重 中等 轻微 其他 地质灾害
易发性高发 中发 低发 不发
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