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摘要:
西藏谢通门县地处青藏高原高寒山区，分布有卡嘎温泉，开发地热能解决当地供暖之急，但地热成因及储量研究尚未开展。通过分析调查区的地质构造、地热活动规律，并在卡嘎温泉附近开展地质详细调查、音频大地电磁测深及土壤氡气测量等工作，综合运用地质、物探成果，对卡嘎温泉的成因及热储特征进行了探讨。研究结果表明：（1）音频大地电磁及土壤氡气测量成果清晰地揭示了区内NE向、NW向与SN向断层深部的延展情况与叠加关系，说明区内具备较好的导水通道和热储空间。（2）研究区热源以中浅部始~渐新世岩浆岩衰变放热及深部存在高温岩浆熔融热源向上传导；断裂破碎带既是深部热储，也是深部热水上涌的通道；第四系上部冲洪积等堆积层为地热水的良好盖层，而第四系下部松散沉积物及部分基岩风化壳构成区内浅部热储。这些说明本区地热应用潜力较大，但需要注意的是：依据音频大地电磁测深成果的三维展示，发现深部S1、S2两个异常区在浅部呈连通状态，地表温泉点正好位于其连通通道上方，故在附近钻探取水时需评估对此温泉点水量的影响。最后，结合本区地热水的地热特征及电性特征，构建了调查区“地球物理-地热地质”模型，可为西藏其他地区地热资源勘探开发提供借鉴和指导作用。
Abstract:Xietongmen County is located in the alpine mountain area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where the Kaga hot spring occurs. Geothermal energy is expected to be developed to solve the local heating problem, but research on the genesis and reserves of geothermal energy has not been carried out. By analyzing the geological structure and geothermal activity law of the survey area, and carrying out detailed geological survey, audio frequency magnetotelluric sounding and soil radon measurement near the Kaga hot spring, this paper discusses the genesis and thermal reservoir characteristics of ths Kaga hot spring by comprehensively using geological and geophysical exploration data. The research results show that (1) the audio frequency magnetotelluric and soil radon measurement results clearly reveal the extension and superposition relationship of the deep NE, NW and SN trending faults in the area, indicating that the area has a good permeable channel and thermal storage space. (2) The heat source in the study area is composed of the middle and shallow Eocene Oligocene magmatic rock decay exothermic heat source and the deep high-temperature magmatic melting heat source. The fracture zone is not only a deep thermal reservoir, but also a channel for the upwelling of deep hot water. The alluvial proluvial and other accumulative layers in the upper part of the Quaternary system are good caprocks of geothermal water, while the unconsolidated sediments in the lower part of the Quaternary system and some bedrock weathering crusts constitute shallow geothermal reservoirs in the area. These indicate that the geothermal application potential in this area is large, but it should be noted that, according to the three-dimensional display of audio frequency magnetotelluric sounding results, it is found that the deep S1 and S2 abnormal areas are connected at the shallow part, and the surface hot spring vent is just above its connecting channel, so the impact of the water volume of this hot spring vent needs to be evaluated when drilling water nearby. Finally, combined with the geothermal characteristics and electrical characteristics of geothermal water in this area, the “geophysical geothermal geology” model of the survey area is constructed, providing reference and guidance for the exploration and development of geothermal resources in other regions of Tibet.
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