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多年冻土退化对冻结层上水变化的影响研究

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朱亮, 杨明楠, 刘景涛, 张玉玺, 李备, 周冰, 陈玺. 多年冻土退化对冻结层上水变化的影响研究——以黄河源区为例[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2023, 50(6): 3-13. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202303060
引用本文: 朱亮, 杨明楠, 刘景涛, 张玉玺, 李备, 周冰, 陈玺. 多年冻土退化对冻结层上水变化的影响研究——以黄河源区为例[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2023, 50(6): 3-13. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202303060
shu
ZHU Liang, YANG Mingnan, LIU Jingtao, ZHANG Yuxi, LI Bei, ZHOU Bing, CHEN Xi. The influence of permafrost degradation on the change of suprapermafrost water : A case study in the source areaof the Yellow River[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2023, 50(6): 3-13. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202303060
Citation: ZHU Liang, YANG Mingnan, LIU Jingtao, ZHANG Yuxi, LI Bei, ZHOU Bing, CHEN Xi. The influence of permafrost degradation on the change of suprapermafrost water : A case study in the source areaof the Yellow River[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2023, 50(6): 3-13. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202303060
shu

多年冻土退化对冻结层上水变化的影响研究

  • 1.

    中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所，河北 石家庄　050061

  • 2.

    河北省/中国地质调查局地下水污染机理与修复重点实验室，河北 石家庄　050061

  • 3.

    中国地质大学（北京），北京　100083

  • 基金项目: 中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目（YK202312） ；中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20230422）
详细信息
    作者简介: 朱亮（1984-），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事水资源与地下水环境方面的研究。E-mail：liangzhuz@163.com
    通讯作者: 杨明楠(1985-)，女，博士，助理研究员，主要从事水循环与水环境演化方面的研究。E-mail：381477131@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: P641.139

The influence of permafrost degradation on the change of suprapermafrost water : A case study in the source areaof the Yellow River

  • 1.

    Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei　050061, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Groundwater Pollution Mechanism and Remediation, China Geological Survey/Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei　050061, China

  • 3.

    China University of Geosciences （Beijing）, Beijing,　100083, China

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    摘要

  • 冻结层上水是支撑寒区生态系统的重要水源和维持寒区水热循环过程的重要纽带，科学认识冻土退化对冻结层上水的影响作用，对气候变化加剧下高寒地区水资源及生态保护具有重要意义。针对黄河源区多年冻土退化的水文效应，基于典型监测点冻土地温、含水率监测数据和黄河沿水文站断面径流变化数据，分析黄河源区多年冻土退化特征，探讨冻结层上水水位埋深和补给过程对多年冻土退化的响应。结果表明：2010—2020年监测点0～2.4 m剖面上平均升温0.42 °C，多年冻土上界面埋深由2.1 m降至2.5 m，平均下降速率4 cm/a；以2018年为时间节点，冻结层上水埋深由0.9 m以浅降至0.9～1.8 m之间；冻土退化引起活动层融化期（5—10月）的径流过程提前、径流极值比降低、1月份径流过程线更加凸出。地温是控制冻结层上水变化的核心要素，在暖湿化的气候变化条件下，多年冻土退化将改变冻结层上水的动态特征及其与地表水之间的水力联系，进一步影响黄河源区的水文生态过程。

    The supra-permafrost water is a vital water source to support the ecosystem and an important link in maintaining the hydrothermal cycle in the permafrost area. Under the intensification of climate change, scientific understanding of the effect of permafrost degradation on the supra-permafrost water is of great significance to water resources and ecological protection. Focusing on the hydrological effects of permafrost degradation in the source areas of the Yellow River, this study analyzed the degradation characteristics of permafrost, and revealed the response of the depth of groundwater level and recharge process of the supra-permafrost water to the permafrost degradation, on the basis of the temperature and moisture content of frozen soil at typical monitoring points and the runoff change at the Huangheyan Hydrologic Station. The results show that the average temperature increased 0.42 °C at the 0−2.4 m profile of the monitoring point from 2010 to 2020. The depth of the upper interface of the permafrost reduced from 2.1m to 2.5 m, with an average decrease rate of 4cm/a. After 2018, the depth of supra-permafrost water level reduced from less than 0.9 m to 0.9−1.8 m. The permafros degradation led to the runoff process in the melting period of active layer (May−October) being advanced, the ratio of extreme value being reduced, and the runoff hydrograph in January being more prominent. Ground temperature is the dominant factor in controlling the changes of depth of the supra-permafrost water. Under the condition of warm and humid climate change, Permafrost degradation would change the dynamic characteristics of the water above the frozen layer and its hydraulic relationship with surface water, affecting the hydrological and ecological processes in the source area of the Yellow River.

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  • 图 1  监测点位置及冻土监测剖面示意图

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  不同深度监测层位地温变化曲线

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  2010—2020年不同深度监测层位土壤体积含水率变化曲线

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  不同深度土壤体积含水率与冻结层上水水位埋深的变化关系

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  2010年和2020年最高地温随深度的变化趋势

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  2010与2020年多年冻土及活动层变化概念模型

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  玛多气象站1960—2020年年均气温变化

    Figure 7. 

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    图 8  不同冻土退化阶段降水量和径流量月均变换

    Figure 8. 

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    图 9  冻土退化影响下冻结层上水补给变化示意图

    Figure 9. 

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    表 1  不同深度监测层位每年融化（地温>0 °C）天数变化

    Table 1.  Annual change of melting days (ground temperature>0 °C) from the different monitoring layers

    年份 融化天数/d
    埋深0.5 m 埋深0.9 m 埋深1.8 m 埋深2.4 m
    2010 139 113 31 0
    2011 132 106 34 0
    2012 140 107 42 0
    2013 150 109 40 0
    2014 142 108 38 0
    2015 141 119 55 0
    2016 138 113 60 0
    2017 146 116 62 0
    2018 148 116 67 12
    2019 151 124 69 23
    2020 147 118 63 29
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收稿日期:  2023-03-15
修回日期:  2023-06-17
刊出日期:  2023-11-15

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