山东黄河北矿区土壤盐渍化特征分析

郝启勇

doi:10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.2021.01.09

山东黄河北矿区土壤盐渍化特征分析

郝启勇

山东省煤田地质规划勘察研究院，山东济南　250100

基金项目: 山东省地质勘查项目“山东省黄河北矿区地质环境承载力调查与评价”（鲁勘字（2016）143号）

详细信息

作者简介: 郝启勇（1979-），男，山西汾阳人，硕士，高工，主要从事环境地质工作。E-mail：haoqiyong@163.com

中图分类号: X141

收稿日期: 2020-03-01

修回日期: 2020-03-18

刊出日期: 2021-02-25

Soil salinization characteristics in Huanghebei mining area

HAO Qiyong

Exploration Research Institute of Shandong Coal Field Geology Bureau, Jinan, Shandong　250100, China

Received Date: 01 March 2020

Revised Date: 18 March 2020

Publish Date: 25 February 2021

摘要

摘要:
为了研究黄河北矿区土壤盐渍化现状及特征，采用野外调查、钻探、现场采样和室内分析测试等手段获取了土壤盐分含量和地下水特征数据，分析了区内土壤盐分含量、空间分布、垂向变化及与浅层地下水的相互关系。结果显示，研究区土壤主要以潜在盐渍土和轻度盐渍土为主，土壤盐分中阴离子以重碳酸根和硫酸根离子为主，阳离子以钠和钙离子为主。土壤垂向上显示表聚性（0～20 cm），表层盐渍化严重，深部盐渍化程度有所降低。研究区土壤盐渍土与浅层地下水存在内在的自然的直接关系，土壤全盐量与地下水中溶解性总固体(TDS)含量呈明显正相关关系，而与浅层地下水位埋深呈负相关关系。研究区煤炭的开发利用，将加剧和恶化土壤盐渍化程度，煤炭的开采需要合理确定地表塌陷的程度，以此来倒逼煤炭的开采开发模式，从而减缓土壤盐渍化程度。
- 黄河北 /
- 煤田 /
- 土壤 /
- 盐渍化 /
- 水位埋深
Abstract:
In order to study the current soil salinization characteristics in the Huanghebei mining area, field survey in situ sampling and indoor testing were adopted to study the soil salinity content, spatial distribution, vertical variation and the correlation between shallow groundwater and soil salinization. The results show that the soil is mainly composed of potential saline soil and slightly saline soil, the anions in the soil are mainly bicarbonate and sulfate ions, and the cations are mainly sodium and calcium ions. Soil shows surface aggregation vertically, surface salinization is serious, salinization degree is reduced in the deep. There is an inherent natural direct relationship between the saline soil and the shallow groundwater. The total salt content in the soil is obviously positively correlated with the total dissolved solid content in the groundwater, while it is negatively correlated with the depth of the shallow groundwater level. The development and utilization of coal mining in the study area will aggravate the degree of soil salinization and the coal mining needs to be reasonably determined according to the degree of surface collapse, so as to reducing the degree of soil salinization.
- Huanghebei /
- coal fields /
- soil /
- salinization /
- depth of water level

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图 1 黄河北矿区土壤盐渍化空间分布特征

Figure 1.

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表 1 土壤盐分离子含量统计表

Table 1. Statistical table of salt ion content in soil

	pH	/(g·kg⁻¹)	Cl⁻/(g·kg⁻¹)	/(g·kg⁻¹)	K⁺/(mg·kg⁻¹)	Na⁺/(mg·kg⁻¹)	Ca²⁺/(mg·kg⁻¹)	Mg²⁺/(mg·kg⁻¹)	全盐量(g·kg⁻¹)
最大值	8.12	1.57	0.56	1.89	281	629	545	209	4.47
最小值	6.36	0.09	0.03	0.17	8.85	29.9	31.7	38.6	0.99
中位值	7.22	0.31	0.15	0.50	31.9	216	171	57.6	1.47
标准差	0.49	0.35	0.15	0.47	60.1	165	122.6	36.5	0.81
变异系数	0.07	0.87	0.72	0.76	1.18	0.63	0.76	0.56	0.47

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表 2 土壤盐分各离子相关系数矩阵

Table 2. The correlation coefficient matrix of soil salt ion

	全盐量			Cl⁻	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	K⁺	Na⁺
全盐量	1
	0.66	1
	−0.32	−0.57	1
Cl⁻	0.46	0.89	−0.54	1
Ca²⁺	0.87	0.58	−0.19	0.39	1
Mg²⁺	0.75	0.64	−0.15	0.54	0.78	1
K⁺	−0.22	−0.44	0.68	−0.39	−0.05	−0.18	1
Na⁺	0.17	0.51	−0.01	0.49	0.19	0.47	−0.31	1

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表 3 研究区土壤垂向全盐量测试结果表

Table 3. Test results of total salt content in vertical direction (g·kg⁻¹)

采样点位/cm	T1	T5	T9	T13	T17	T21	T25	T29	T33	T57	平均值
0～20	1.25	4.47	0.99	2.83	1.57	3.61	1.32	1.51	1.04	1.11	1.97
40～60	1.43	1.11	1.32	2.69	1.69	1.01	1.57	1.58	1.93	1.59	1.59
80～100	1.57	1.29	1.09	2.57	1.35	1.42	2.36	1.24	2.01	1.14	1.60

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表 4 研究区土壤盐渍化与地下水关系表

Table 4. Relationship between soil salinization and groundwater in the study area

采样点位	T1	T5	T9	T13	T17	T21	T25	T29	T33	T57
0～100 cm土壤全盐量/（g·kg⁻¹）	1.42	2.29	1.13	2.70	1.54	2.01	1.75	1.44	1.66	1.28
溶解性总固体TDS/（mg·L⁻¹）	952	1324	716	2830	924	1742	1454	904	1284	818
潜水水质类型	HCO₃-Ca·Na	HCO₃-Ca	HCO₃-Na	SO₄·HCO₃-Na	HCO₃-Ca·Na	HCO₃-Na·Ca	HCO₃-Na·Ca	HCO₃-Na·Ca	HCO₃-Na	HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Na
潜水位埋深/m	5.5	2.7	5.7	3.1	3.8	2.9	3.5	2.8	5.7	4.1

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