Analysis on characteristic of slope erosion in Dongzhiyuan plateau of Yinchuan−Xi'an high-speed railway
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摘要:
黄土坡面侵蚀特性研究对于铁路边坡及路基防护具有重要的意义。通过银西高铁董志塬段某路基护坡坡面冲刷试验，获得了不同冲刷历时、冲刷流量、坡度等条件下的坡面冲刷结果，并对坡面流水动力学特性、坡面产沙规律、坡面产沙机理进行了分析，得出以下结论：（1）坡顶和坡底比坡面中部更易受侵蚀；30°～60°斜坡在较小的冲刷强度下也能产生较明显的侵蚀沟，宜采取45°左右的多级矮坡来减弱侵蚀强度。（2）坡面流水动力学特性分析表明，试验工况水流主要处于过渡流区；平均流速与冲刷流量、坡度呈幂函数关系；达西阻力系数与冲刷流量、坡度呈负相关，且与雷诺数相关性较低。（3）平均含沙量随冲刷流量与坡度的增大而增大，随历时近似线性增加，约20 min以后，含沙量基本稳定，此过程为坡面沟道发展阶段。（4）坡面侵蚀产沙量与侵蚀切应力、有效水流功率都呈正相关，与前者近似呈线性增大关系，而与后者近似呈幂函数关系。
Abstract:The study of erosion characteristics of loess slope is of great significance , through the scour experiment on a slope in Dongzhiyuan of Yinxi high-speed railway, the erosion state of slope under different scour duration, scour flow and gradient were obtained. The dynamic characteristics of overland flow and the sediment mechanism were further analyzed and fitted, and the following conclusions were drawn: (1) The top and bottom of the slope are more easily eroded than the middle of the slope;The slopes of 30°−60° can produce obvious erosion gullies even with small scouring intensity, and it is advisable to adopt a short the multi-stage short slopes of about 45° to reduce weaken the erosion intensity. (2) The analysis of the hydrodynamic behavior of the overland flow shows that the flow is mainly in the transitional flow zone . The average flow under the test condition velocity, is a power function with the scour flow and gradient; the Darcy resistance coefficient is negatively correlated with scour flow and gradient, and correlation with values of Re is low. (3) The average sediment concentration is positively correlated with the scour flow and gradient, and increases linearly with the scour duration. After about 20min, the sediment concentration is basically stable, and this process is the stage of development of slope channel. (4) The sediment yield is positively correlated with erosion shear stress and effective water flow power. and it approximately linearly increases with the former while it is power function with latter.
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表 1 坡面冲沟水流雷诺数
Table 1. Values of Re of gully flow on slope
试验坡度/(°) 冲刷流量/（L·min−1） 1 2 4 6 90 466 687 1100 1891 60 556 794 1432 2012 45 613 855 865 1922 30 785 876 633 1444 
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表 2 各工况下坡面冲刷剪切力
Table 2. Slope scour shear forces under various conditions
坡度/（°） 冲刷流量/（L·min-1） 1 2 4 6 30 0.348 0.424 0.536 0.613 45 0.812 1.201 1.45 1.561 60 1.345 1.880 2.485 2.554 90 1.651 2.001 3.031 3.974
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