Analysis on the main structural factors controlling rockfalls in downtown of Ansai, Shaanxi Province
-
摘要:
安塞区主城区范围内的基岩地层发育一以延河为枢纽线、走向约330°的背斜构造，在基岩地层中普遍发育走向与褶皱轴面平行（320°～340°）和垂直（40°～60°）两个方位的两组张性节理，还发育有两组与褶皱轴斜交的共轭剪切节理，第一组共轭剪切节理面走向为近南北（0°～10°）和近东西（80°～90°），第二组共轭剪切节理面走向为100°～120°和200°～210°。上述基岩中发育的、不同走向的多组节理面对研究区内具相同走向分布特征的崩塌结构控制面的发育有较强控制作用。第一组共轭剪节理中走向近东西（80°～90°）的节理面控制着研究区内发育程度最高的崩塌结构控制面，它与区内岩质崩塌的发育相关程度最高；其次是两组张性节理面分别控制着走向相同且发育程度较高的两组岩质崩塌结构控制面，第二组共轭剪节理面则控制着区内发育程度相对较低的、走向与共轭节理面相同的两组崩塌结构控制面。
Abstract:An anticlinal structure with an axis plane along Yanhe river and a strike of about 330° is developed in the bedrock strata within the main urban area of AnSai County. In the bedrock strata, there are generally two groups of tensile joints parallel to the fold axis plane (320°-340°) and vertical (40°-60°), and two groups of conjugate shear joints diagonally intersecting the fold axis. The first group of conjugate shear joint planes struck direction near N-S (0°-10°) and near E-W (80°-90°), while the second group of conjugate shear joint planes strikes direction 100°-120° and 200°-210°. The multiple groups of joints with different strike directions developed in the bedrock have a strong control effect on the development of the collapse structure control plane with the same strike distribution in the study area. In the first group of conjugate shear joints, the near E-W (80°-90°) distributed joint planes control strongly the most developed collapse structure control planes in the study area, and it has the highest correlation with the development of rock collapse in the study area. Secondly, two groups of tensile joint planes control two groups of highly developed rock collapse structural control planes with the same strike, and the second group of conjugate shear joint planes controls two groups of relatively less developed rock collapse structural control planes with the same strike.
-
Key words:
- geological disaster /
- rock collapse /
- structural control planes /
- bedrock joints /
- Loess Plateau
-
-
表 1 安塞主城区基岩中所发育节理的参数及特征
Table 1. Parameters and characteristics of joints developed in bedrock of ansai urban
序号 走向/（°） 倾角/（°） 性质 发育程度 1 320～340 74～89 纵节理（张性节理） 高 2 40～60 75～90 横节理（张性节理） 较高 3 0～10 83～90 第一组共轭剪切节理 较高 4 80～90 77～85 5 100～120 75～85 第二组共轭剪切节理 一般 6 200～210 80～85 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 孙萍萍, 张茂省, 程秀娟, 等. 黄土高原地质灾害发生规律[J]. 山地学报,2019,37(5):737 − 746. [SUN Pingping, ZHANG Maosheng, CHENG Xiujuan, et al. On the regularity of geological hazards on the loess plateau in China[J]. Mountain Research,2019,37(5):737 − 746. (in Chinese with English abstract)
SUN Pingping, ZHANG Maosheng, CHENG Xiujuan, et al. On the regularity of geological hazards on the loess plateau in China[J]. Mountain Research, 2019, 37(5): 737-746. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] 简新华, 黄锟. 中国城镇化水平和速度的实证分析与前景预测[J]. 经济研究,2010,45(3):28 − 39. [JIAN Xinhua, HUANG Kun. Empirical analysis and forecast of the level and speed of urbanization in China[J]. Economic Research Journal,2010,45(3):28 − 39. (in Chinese with English abstract)
JIAN Xinhua, HUANG Kun. Empirical analysis and forecast of the level and speed of urbanization in China[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2010, 45(3): 28-39. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3] 雷祥义. 黄土高原地质灾害与人类活动[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2001
LEI Xiangyi. Geological disasters and human activities on the Loess Plateau of China[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2001. (in Chinese)
[4] 唐亚明. 从全球视角看城镇化进程中的土地利用模式[J]. 中国土地,2016(1):47 − 48. [TANG Yaming. Land use patterns in the process of urbanization from a global perspective[J]. China Land,2016(1):47 − 48. (in Chinese)
TANG Yaming. Land use patterns in the process of urbanization from a global perspective[J]. China Land, 2016 (1): 47-48. (in Chinese)
[5] 彭建兵, 林鸿州, 王启耀, 等. 黄土地质灾害研究中的关键问题与创新思路[J]. 工程地质学报,2014,22(4):684 − 691. [PENG Jianbing, LIN Hongzhou, WANG Qiyao, et al. The critical issues and creative concepts in mitigation research of loess geological hazards[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2014,22(4):684 − 691. (in Chinese with English abstract)
PENG Jianbing, LIN Hongzhou, WANG Qiyao, et al. The critical issues and creative concepts in mitigation research of loess geological hazards[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2014, 22(4): 684-691. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] 张茂省, 李林, 唐亚明, 等. 基于风险理念的黄土滑坡调查与编图研究[J]. 工程地质学报,2011,19(1):43 − 51. [ZHANG Maosheng, LI Lin, TANG Yaming, et al. Risk management based landslide investigation and mapping in loess area[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(1):43 − 51. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9665.2011.01.007
ZHANG Maosheng, LI Lin, TANG Yaming, et al. Risk management based landslide investigation and mapping in loess area[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2011, 19(1): 43-51. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9665.2011.01.007
[7] 唐亚明, 薛强, 毕俊擘, 等. 降雨入渗诱发黄土滑塌的模式及临界值初探[J]. 地质论评,2013,59(1):97 − 106. [TANG Yaming, XUE Qiang, BI Junbo, et al. Preliminary study on loess landslide rainfall triggering modes and thresholds[J]. Geological Review,2013,59(1):97 − 106. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0371-5736.2013.01.010
TANG Yaming, XUE Qiang, BI Junbo, et al. Preliminary study on loess landslide rainfall triggering modes and thresholds[J]. Geological Review, 2013, 59(1): 97-106. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0371-5736.2013.01.010
[8] 薛强, 张茂省, 高波. 斜坡单元支持下基于土体含水率的陕西省清涧县城区黄土滑坡危险性评价[J]. 中国地质,2020,47(6):1904 − 1914. [XUE Qiang, ZHANG Maosheng, GAO Bo. Hazard assessment of loess landslide based on soil moisture content and supported by slope unit in Qingjian City, Shaanxi Province[J]. Geology in China,2020,47(6):1904 − 1914. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.12029/gc20200624
XUE Qiang, ZHANG Maosheng, GAO Bo. Hazard assessment of loess landslide based on soil moisture content and supported by slope unit in Qingjian City, Shaanxi Province[J]. Geology in China, 2020, 47(6): 1904-1914. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.12029/gc20200624
[9] 王家鼎, 张倬元. 典型高速黄土滑坡群的系统工程地质研究[M]. 成都: 四川科学技术出版社, 1999: 1 − 183.
WANG Jiading, ZHANG Zhuoyuan. The Study on stypical high-speed loess landslide in crowds using the ystematic analysis in engineering geology[M]. Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 1999: 1 − 183. (in Chinese)
[10] 段旭, 祝俊华, 董琪, 等. 延安地区人类工程活动与地质灾害相关性探讨[J]. 灾害学,2017,32(1):106 − 110. [DUAN Xu, ZHU Junhua, DONG Qi, et al. Discussion of the correlation between human engineering activities and geological disasters in Yan’an area[J]. Journal of Catastrophology,2017,32(1):106 − 110. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2017.01.018
DUAN Xu, ZHU Junhua, DONG Qi, et al. Discussion of the correlation between human engineering activities and geological disasters in Yan’an area[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2017, 32(1): 106-110. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2017.01.018
[11] ZHANG M, LIU Jie. Controlling factors of loess landslides in Western China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2010,59(8):1671 − 1680. doi: 10.1007/s12665-009-0149-7
[12] 白玉锋. 黄土试样开裂机理试验研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2014
BAI Yufeng. Experiment study on the cracking mechanism about loess ground under the environment of the cave[D]. Xi’an: Changan University, 2014. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 王兰民, 刘红玫, 李兰, 等. 饱和黄土液化机理与特性的试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报,2000,22(1):89 − 94. [WANG Lanmin, LIU Hongmei, LI Lan, et al. Laboratory study on the mechanism and beheviors of saturated loess liquefaction[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(1):89 − 94. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4548.2000.01.016
WANG Lanmin, LIU Hongmei, LI Lan, et al. Laboratory study on the mechanism and beheviors of saturated loess liquefaction[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2000, 22(1): 89-94. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4548.2000.01.016
[14] 邵生俊, 周飞飞, 龙吉勇. 原状黄土结构性及其定量化参数研究[J]. 岩土工程学报,2004,26(4):531 − 536. [SHAO Shengjun, ZHOU Feifei, LONG Jiyong. Structural properties of loess and its quantitative parameter[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(4):531 − 536. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4548.2004.04.021
SHAO Shengjun, ZHOU Feifei, LONG Jiyong. Structural properties of loess and its quantitative parameter[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2004, 26(4): 531-536. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4548.2004.04.021
[15] FENG L, ZHANG M S, JIN Z, et al. The genesis, development, and evolution of original vertical joints in loess[J]. Earth-Science Reviews,2021,214:1 − 26.
[16] 卢全中, 彭建兵. 黄土体结构面的发育特征及其灾害效应[J]. 西安科技大学学报,2006,26(4):446 − 450. [LU Quanzhong, PENG Jianbing. Characteristics of structural planes of loess mass in loess plateau of China and its hazard effect[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2006,26(4):446 − 450. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9315.2006.04.003
LU Quanzhong, PENG Jianbing. Characteristics of structural planes of loess mass in loess plateau of China and its hazard effect[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 2006, 26(4): 446-450. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9315.2006.04.003
[17] 谢定义. 试论我国黄土力学研究中的若干新趋向[J]. 岩土工程学报,2001,23(1):3 − 13. [XIE Dingyi. Exploration of some new tendencies in research of loess soil mechanics[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(1):3 − 13. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4548.2001.01.002
XIE Dingyi. Exploration of some new tendencies in research of loess soil mechanics[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2001, 23(1): 3-13. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4548.2001.01.002
[18] 张茂省, 薛强, 贾俊, 等. 山区城镇地质灾害调查与风险评价方法及实践[J]. 西北地质,2019,52(2):125 − 135. [ZHANG Maosheng, XUE Qiang, JIA Jun, et al. Methods and practices for the investigation and risk assessment of geo-hazards in mountainous towns[J]. Northwestern Geology,2019,52(2):125 − 135. (in Chinese with English abstract)
ZHANG Maosheng, XUE Qiang, JIA Jun, et al. Methods and practices for the investigation and risk assessment of geo-hazards in mountainous towns[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2019, 52(2): 125-135. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] TANG Y M, SHU H P, XUE Q, et al. Field monitoring-based and theoretical analysis of baota mountain landslide stability[J]. Advances in Civil Engineering,2021,2021:6699917.
[20] 唐亚明, 冯卫, 毕银强, 等. 基于风险评价的黄土滑坡分类及特征[J]. 地质通报,2015,34(11):2092 − 2099. [TANG Yaming, FENG Wei, BI Yinqiang, et al. The classification and features of loess landslide based on risk assessment[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2015,34(11):2092 − 2099. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2015.11.015
TANG Yaming, FENG Wei, BI Yinqiang, et al. The classification and features of loess landslide based on risk assessment[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2015, 34(11): 2092-2099. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2015.11.015
[21] 段钊, 赵法锁, 陈新建. 陕北黄土高原区滑坡发育类型与时空分布特征:以吴起县为例[J]. 灾害学,2011,26(4):52 − 56. [DUAN Zhao, ZHAO Fasuo, CHEN Xinjian. Types and spatio-temporal distribution of loess landslides in loess plateau region—A case study in Wuqi County[J]. Journal of Catastrophology,2011,26(4):52 − 56. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2011.04.010
DUAN Zhao, ZHAO Fasuo, CHEN Xinjian. Types and spatio-temporal distribution of loess landslides in loess plateau region—A case study in Wuqi County[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2011, 26(4): 52-56. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2011.04.010
[22] 宋宪琳. 延安市坡体结构类型与地质灾害关系分析[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2012
SONG Xianlin. Study on the relationship between the slope structure types and geological disasters in Yan’an City[D]. Xi’an: Changan University, 2012. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23] 蔡怀恩, 张继文, 秦广平, 等. 延安黄土丘陵沟壑区地质灾害易发性浅析[J]. 地震工程学报, 2015, 37（增刊1）: 68 − 73
CAI Huaien, ZHANG Jiwen, QIN Guangping, et al. Preliminary research on geological disaster susceptibility in loess hilly gully regions of Yan’an[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2015, 37(Sup 1): 68 − 73. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 袁志辉, 倪万魁, 陈志新. 拉裂式崩塌的运动特征分析:以陕西延长县为例[J]. 灾害学,2014,29(4):111 − 115. [YUAN Zhihui, NI Wankui, CHEN Zhixin. Analysis on movement characteristics of pull-splitting collapses: Taking Yanchang County of Shaanxi Province as an example[J]. Journal of Catastrophology,2014,29(4):111 − 115. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2014.04.22
YUAN Zhihui, NI Wankui, CHEN Zhixin. Analysis on movement characteristics of pull-splitting collapses: Taking Yanchang County of Shaanxi Province as an example[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2014, 29(4): 111-115. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2014.04.22
[25] 梁峰, 李保, 李剑锋, 等. 重庆市江津区四面山镇头道河危岩带形成演化机制分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2009,20(1):55 − 59. [LIANG Feng, LI Bao, LI Jianfeng, et al. Analysis on formation and development mechanism of Simianshan Toudaohe dangerous rock belt in Jiangjin County of Chongqing[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2009,20(1):55 − 59. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8035.2009.01.011
LIANG Feng, LI Bao, LI Jianfeng, et al. Analysis on formation and development mechanism of Simianshan Toudaohe dangerous rock belt in Jiangjin County of Chongqing[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2009, 20(1): 55-59. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8035.2009.01.011
[26] 陈涛. 重庆武隆庆口危岩形成机制及失稳模式探讨[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2020,31(3):50 − 57. [CHEN Tao. Discussion on formation mechanism and instability mode of Qingkou dangerous rock in Wulong District, Chongqing City[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2020,31(3):50 − 57. (in Chinese with English abstract)
CHEN Tao. Discussion on formation mechanism and instability mode of Qingkou dangerous rock in Wulong District, Chongqing City[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2020, 31(3): 50-57. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27] 陈智强, 李渝生. 重庆市南川甑子岩危岩形成演化机制分析及防治措施探讨[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004,15(1):78 − 81. [CHEN Zhiqiang, LI Yusheng. Analysis on formation and development mechanism and discussion on prevention measures for Zenziyan dangerous rock mass in Chongqing[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2004,15(1):78 − 81. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8035.2004.01.017
CHEN Zhiqiang, LI Yusheng. Analysis on formation and development mechanism and discussion on prevention measures for Zenziyan dangerous rock mass in Chongqing[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2004, 15(1): 78-81. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8035.2004.01.017
[28] 吉随旺, 张倬元, 王凌云, 等. 近水平软硬互层斜坡变形破坏机制[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2000,11(3):49 − 52. [JI Suiwang, ZHANG Zhuoyuan, WANG Lingyun, et al. The mechanism of deformation and failure for the slope composed of nearly horizontal competent and incompetent intercalated rock mass strata[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2000,11(3):49 − 52. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8035.2000.03.012
JI Suiwang, ZHANG Zhuoyuan, WANG Lingyun, et al. The mechanism of deformation and failure for the slope composed of nearly horizontal competent and incompetent intercalated rock mass strata[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2000, 11(3): 49-52. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8035.2000.03.012
[29] 陕西省地质调查院. 中国区域地质志·陕西志[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2017: 1 − 1120
Shaanxi Geological Survey Institute. Regional geology of China · Shaanxi[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2017: 1 − 1120. (in Chinese)
[30] HANCOCK P L. Brittle microtectonics: principles and practice[J]. Journal of Structural Geology,1985,7(3/4):437 − 457.
[31] 李建星, 高晓峰. 野外地质工作手册[M]. 武汉: 中国地质大学出版社, 2021: 1 − 559
LI Jianxing, GAO Xiaofeng. Field geology work manual[M]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 2021: 1 − 559. (in Chinese)
[32] 理查德 J. 莱尔, 彼得 R. 莱森. 地质构造研究之极射赤平投影技术: 地质工作者和土木工程师必备工具手册[M]. 张大昌, 译. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2010
RICHARD J. Lyell, PETER R. Riesen. Stereographic proiection techniques for geologists and givil engineers[M]. ZHANG Dachang, trans. Beijing: Ocean Press, 2010. (in Chinese)
[33] 王仁铎, 郑伯让, 刘甸瑞. 从施密特网极射赤平投影散点图中确定优选方位的一种新的统计方法[J]. 地球科学,1989,14(6):619 − 626. [WANG Renduo, ZHENG Borang, LIU Dianrui. A new statistical method in determining thepre ferred orientation from scatter diagramof schmidt’s stereographic projection[J]. Earth Science,1989,14(6):619 − 626. (in Chinese with English abstract)
WANG Renduo, ZHENG Borang, LIU Dianrui. A new statistical method in determining thepre ferred orientation from scatter diagramof schmidt’s stereographic projection[J]. Earth Science, 1989, 14(6): 619-626. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[34] CARLOS G, GINALDO A C C, ADILSON V S J. OpenStereo: um programa Livre e multiplataforma para análise de dados estruturais figshare[J]. Journal contribution,2014:26 − 28.
-
图(12)
表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2354
- PDF下载数: 38
- 施引文献: 0