Distribution characteristics and evolution trend of severe land subsidence areas in Tianjin City
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摘要:
天津市地面沉降历史悠久，自1923年至今共经历了6个不同的阶段。截至2020年，天津市大面积的地面沉降已基本得到控制，但局部还存在年沉降量大于50 mm的沉降严重区，从大面积治理到小区域精准防控，天津市地面沉降分布特征已体现出新形势，地面沉降防治工作也面临着新的要求。为准确掌握新形势下地面沉降发展规律，精准施策，针对性治理，文中收集并分析2010—2020年天津市地面沉降水准测量、地下水位、地下水开采量等数据，对2010—2020年天津市地面沉降严重区分布特征及演化规律进行归纳总结。研究结果表明：2010—2020年，天津市地面沉降经历了沉降波动期（2010—2012年）、稳中向好期（2013—2016年）和快速减缓期（2017—2020年）三个时期，地面沉降平均沉降量下降了37%，沉降严重区面积减小了67%。各阶段沉降变化均与地下水开采量密切相关，截至2020年，天津市现存集中分布于西南部的5个沉降严重区，分布范围与深部含水组地下水漏斗分布范围基本一致。
Abstract:Tianjin has a long history of land subsidence, which has gone through six different stages since 1923. Although as of 2020, the land subsidence in a large area of Tianjin has been mostly controlled, there are still serious subsidence areas with an annual subsidence of over 50mm. From large-scale treatment to precise prevention and control of small areas, the distribution characteristics of ground subsidence in Tianjin have shown a new situation, and the prevention and control of land subsidence is also facing new requirements. To accurately grasp the development law of ground subsidence and implement precise policies under the new situation, this paper summarizes the distribution characteristics and evolution rules of severe land subsidence areas in Tianjin by collecting and analyzing the data of ground subsidence leveling, groundwater level, and groundwater extraction in Tianjin from 2010 to 2020. The results show that the land subsidence of Tianjin has experienced three periods during the ten years from 2010 to 2020: a fluctuation period in subsidence from 2010 to 2012, a steady improvement period from 2013 to 2016, and a rapid slowdown period from 2017 to 2020. During these periods, the average amount of land subsidence dropped by 37%, and the area of severe subsidence decreased by 67%. The changes in subsidence were closely related to the amount of groundwater extraction. As of 2020, five severe subsidence areas are concentrated in the southwest of Tianjin, with a distribution range that is similar to the groundwater funnel of the deep water-bearing group.
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Key words:
- land subsidence /
- severe subsidence area /
- groundwater exploitation /
- prevention measures
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