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摘要:
矿渣在沟谷的堆积形态、压占比例影响其在特定降雨概率下的稳定性。文中以豫西某金矿2条主沟16个渣堆为研究对象，提出在不同降雨概率雨力条件下单个渣堆稳定性计算方法。即近10年来最大观测雨强、25年一遇（P=4%）雨强、50年一遇雨强（P=2%）、100年一遇雨强（P=1%）条件下的启动流速（Uc）以及泄洪流速（Us），令稳定系数Fs=Uc/Us，计算出渣堆的稳定系数，研究成果对于不同特定雨力工况下渣堆的危险性评价及分类防治有一定意义。
Abstract:The slag accumulation form and the proportion of slag in the valley affect its stability under a specific rainfall probability. This paper takes 16 slag piles in two main trenches of a gold mine in western Henan as the research object and proposes a calculation method for the stability of a single slag pile under different rainfall probability conditions. That is, the start-up under the conditions of maximum observed rain intensity in recent years,rain intensity once in 25 years (P=4%), rain intensity once in 50 years (P=2%), and rain intensity once in 100 years (P=1%). The flow rate and the flow rate of the flood discharge, the ratio of which is calculated to analyze the stability of the slag pile. The research results have certain significance for the risk assessment of specific slag piles and the classification and prevention of slag piles.
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Key words:
- debris flow /
- mine debris /
- flood discharge flow rate /
- startup flow rate /
- flood peak
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表 1 豫西某金矿渣堆体积及压占沟谷比例统计表
Table 1. Statistical table of volume and proportion of the slag in a gold slag pile in western Henan
矿渣 ZD1 ZD2 ZD3 ZD4 ZD5 ZD6 ZD7 ZD8 体积/（104 m3） 1.2 0.09 0.12 0.07 0.14 0.5 0.05 1.4 压占沟谷比例/% 50 43 83 69 72 71 74 48 矿渣 ZD9 ZD10 ZD11 ZD12 ZD13 ZD14 ZD15 ZD16 体积/（104 m3） 2 2.5 1.2 0.29 0.4 0.3 0.25 1.54 压占沟谷比例/% 74 55 77 71 60 67 49 88 
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表 2 渣堆泄洪流速Us计算参数测量结果表
Table 2. The measurement result of calculation parameters of flood discharge velocity of the slag pile
渣堆编号 ZD1 ZD2 ZD3 ZD4 ZD5 ZD6 ZD7 ZD8 F/km2 0.176 0.176 0.27 0.27 0.469 0.469 0.616 0.176 L/km 0.47 0.47 0.61 0.61 0.72 0.79 0.79 1.01 I/‰ 462 462 418 418 387 373 373 314 h/m 2 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 2 2 b/m 1.5 3.5 2.5 3.35 3.05 11 11.5 1.5 渣堆编号 ZD9 ZD10 ZD11 ZD12 ZD13 ZD14 ZD15 ZD16 F/km2 0.85 1.68 1.82 1.82 0.232 0.283 0.431 0.511 L/km 1.52 1.52 1.66 0.52 0.66 0.84 0.97 1.13 I/‰ 283 283 269 514 456 400 374 332 h/m 2.5 2 2 2 2.5 2.5 2 2 b/m 2.7 9.5 26.5 18.5 4.35 2 4.5 4
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表 3 渣堆启动流速（Uc）计算参数测量结果表
Table 3. The measurement result of calculation parameters of startup flow rate of the slag pile
渣堆编号 ZD1 ZD2 ZD3 ZD4 ZD5 ZD6 ZD7 ZD8 α/（°） 14 14 9 10.84 14.16 10.45 6.76 6 φ/（°） 34 32 20 22 41 23 18 33 渣堆编号 ZD9 ZD10 ZD11 ZD12 ZD13 ZD14 ZD15 ZD16 α/（°） 7 4 4 12.84 12.95 8.38 11.14 6 φ/（°） 30 34 29 30 33 24 17 29
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表 4 不同雨力工况下渣堆稳定性计算结果表
Table 4. The calculation result of slag pile stability under different rain conditions
近10 a最大值计算
结果（49 mm/h）渣堆编号 ZD1 ZD2 ZD3 ZD4 ZD5 ZD6 ZD7 ZD8 Fs 0.90 2.11 1.40 1.85 0.90 2.76 2.26 0.51 渣堆编号 ZD9 ZD10 ZD11 ZD12 ZD13 ZD14 ZD15 ZD16 Fs 0.72 1.88 1.33 2.64 1.01 1.25 0.95 0.68 25 a一遇计算
结果（60 mm/h）渣堆编号 ZD1 ZD2 ZD3 ZD4 ZD5 ZD6 ZD7 ZD8 Fs 0.72 1.70 1.12 1.49 0.72 2.22 1.81 0.41 渣堆编号 ZD9 ZD10 ZD11 ZD12 ZD13 ZD14 ZD15 ZD16 Fs 0.58 1.51 1.07 2.12 0.81 1.00 0.76 0.54 50 a一遇计算
结果（80 mm/h）渣堆编号 ZD1 ZD2 ZD3 ZD4 ZD5 ZD6 ZD7 ZD8 Fs 0.53 1.25 0.83 1.09 0.53 1.63 1.33 0.30 渣堆编号 ZD9 ZD10 ZD11 ZD12 ZD13 ZD14 ZD15 ZD16 Fs 0.42 1.11 0.79 1.56 0.60 0.74 0.56 0.40 100 a一遇计算
结果（90 mm/h）渣堆编号 ZD1 ZD2 ZD3 ZD4 ZD5 ZD6 ZD7 ZD8 Fs 0.47 1.10 0.73 0.96 0.47 1.44 1.18 0.26 渣堆编号 ZD9 ZD10 ZD11 ZD12 ZD13 ZD14 ZD15 ZD16 Fs 0.37 0.98 0.69 1.38 0.53 0.65 0.49 0.35
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表 5 不同雨力下渣堆危险性以及稳定性系数
Table 5. Ranking table of slag pile stability under different rain conditions
渣堆
编号ZD
8ZD
16ZD
9ZD
1ZD
5ZD
15ZD
13ZD
14ZD
11ZD
3ZD
4ZD
10ZD
2ZD
7ZD
12ZD
649 mm/h Fs 0.51 0.68 0.72 0.90 0.90 0.95 1.01 1.25 1.33 1.40 1.85 1.88 2.11 2.26 2.64 2.76 60 mm/h Fs 0.41 0.54 0.58 0.72 0.72 0.76 0.81 1.00 1.07 1.12 1.49 1.51 1.70 1.81 2.12 2.22 80 mm/h Fs 0.30 0.40 0.42 0.53 0.53 0.56 0.60 0.74 0.79 0.83 1.09 1.11 1.25 1.33 1.56 1.63 90 mm/h Fs 0.26 0.35 0.37 0.47 0.47 0.49 0.53 0.65 0.69 0.73 0.96 0.98 1.10 1.18 1.38 1.44
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表 6 不同雨力工况下渣堆稳定性修正计算结果表
Table 6. The calculation result of slag pile stability correction under different rain conditions
近10年最大观测雨强
修正结果（49 mm/h）渣堆编号 ZD1 ZD2 ZD3 ZD4 ZD5 ZD6 ZD7 ZD8 Fs 0.90 1.41 1.01 1.33 0.70 2.26 1.80 0.43 渣堆编号 ZD9 ZD10 ZD11 ZD12 ZD13 ZD14 ZD15 ZD16 Fs 0.62 1.48 1.12 2.64 1.01 1.25 0.95 0.62 25年一遇雨强修正
结果（60 mm/h）渣堆编号 ZD1 ZD2 ZD3 ZD4 ZD5 ZD6 ZD7 ZD8 Fs 0.72 1.13 0.81 1.06 0.56 1.70 1.44 0.34 渣堆编号 ZD9 ZD10 ZD11 ZD12 ZD13 ZD14 ZD15 ZD16 Fs 0.47 1.22 0.87 2.12 0.81 0.84 0.63 0.45 50年一遇雨强修正
结果（80 mm/h）渣堆编号 ZD1 ZD2 ZD3 ZD4 ZD5 ZD6 ZD7 ZD8 Fs 0.53 0.83 0.59 0.78 0.41 1.24 1.05 0.25 渣堆编号 ZD9 ZD10 ZD11 ZD12 ZD13 ZD14 ZD15 ZD16 Fs 0.35 0.88 0.62 1.56 0.60 0.62 0.46 0.33 100年一遇雨强修正
结果（90 mm/h）渣堆编号 ZD1 ZD2 ZD3 ZD4 ZD5 ZD6 ZD7 ZD8 Fs 0.47 0.73 0.52 0.68 0.36 1.10 0.93 0.22 渣堆编号 ZD9 ZD10 ZD11 ZD12 ZD13 ZD14 ZD15 ZD16 Fs 0.31 0.78 0.55 1.38 0.53 0.54 0.41 0.29
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表 7 修正后不同雨力下渣堆危险性以及稳定性系数
Table 7. Ranking table of slag pile stability under different rain conditions after correction
49 mm/h 渣堆编号 ZD
8ZD
9ZD
16ZD
5ZD
1ZD
15ZD
3ZD
13ZD
11ZD
14ZD
4ZD
2ZD
10ZD
7ZD
6ZD
12Fs 0.43 0.62 0.62 0.70 0.90 0.95 1.01 1.01 1.12 1.25 1.33 1.41 1.48 1.80 2.26 2.64 60 mm/h 渣堆编号 ZD
8ZD
16ZD
9ZD
5ZD
15ZD
1ZD
3ZD
13ZD
14ZD
11ZD
4ZD
2ZD
10ZD
7ZD
6ZD
12Fs 0.34 0.45 0.47 0.56 0.63 0.72 0.81 0.81 0.84 0.87 1.06 1.13 1.22 1.44 1.70 2.12 80 mm/h 渣堆编号 ZD
8ZD
16ZD
9ZD
5ZD
15ZD
1ZD
3ZD
13ZD
11ZD
14ZD
4ZD
2ZD
10ZD
7ZD
6ZD
12Fs 0.25 0.33 0.35 0.41 0.46 0.53 0.59 0.60 0.62 0.62 0.78 0.83 0.88 1.05 1.24 1.56 90 mm/h 渣堆编号 ZD
8ZD
16ZD
9ZD
5ZD
15ZD
1ZD
3ZD
13ZD
14ZD
11ZD
4ZD
2ZD
10ZD
7ZD
6ZD
12Fs 0.22 0.29 0.31 0.36 0.41 0.47 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.68 0.73 0.78 0.93 1.10 1.38
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