Analysis of basic characteristics and deformation mechanism of loess potential landslide of terrace: Taking loess hilly region in southern Ningxia as an example
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摘要:
黄河流域地质构造活跃、地貌演化迅速、气候区域分异显著，导致流域内重大灾害类型多、分布广、突发性强。文章以宁夏南部黄土丘陵区为研究区，引入梯田型黄土滑坡隐患的概念，通过结合历史资料收集、遥感影像解译、现场调查和数理统计等手段，分析了梯田型黄土滑坡隐患的发育特征、分布规律及形成原因。结果表明：（1）研究区梯田型黄土滑坡隐患共26处，主要分布于第四系黄土中，中长边坡数量较多，主要为浅层与中层梯田型黄土滑坡隐患，规模以小型为主。（2）梯田型黄土滑坡隐患在空间上主要分布在黄土梁峁区和大起伏山地区，1 800~2 000 m的高程区间，坡向为东南、南、西南时分布较多；在时间上主要分布在雨季或地震活动时期。（3）地形地貌、地层结构、降雨、地表水和人类工程活动是梯田型黄土滑坡隐患发育的主要因素。研究结果对于宁夏南部黄土丘陵区以及黄河流域梯田型黄土滑坡隐患风险识别与风险管理具有指导和借鉴意义。
Abstract:The Yellow River Basin has active geological structure, rapid geomorphic evolution and significant regional differentiation of climate, resulting in many types of major disasters in the basin, wide distribution and strong paroxysm. Taking the Loess Hilly Region in the south of Ningxia as the research area, this paper introduces the concept of loess potential landslide of terrace. By combining historical data collection, remote sensing image interpretation, field investigation and mathematical statistics, it analyzes the development characteristics and distribution rules of loess potential landslide of terrace, and analyzes its formation reasons. The results show that: （1）There are 26 loess potential landslide of terrace in the study area, which are mainly distributed in the Quaternary loess, with a larger number of medium and long slopes, mainly loess potential landslide of terrace of shallow and middle-level, and the scale is mainly small. （2）The loess potential landslide of terrace are mainly distributed in loess hilly areas and large undulating mountain areas, the elevation interval of 1 800~2 000 m, and the slope direction is southeast, South and southwest in space; It is mainly distributed in rainy season or seismicity period in time. （3）Topography, stratum lithologic, rainfall, surface water and human engineering activities are the main factors for the loess potential landslide of terrace. The research results have guiding and reference significance for the risk identification and risk management of loess potential landslide of terrace in the Loess Hilly Region in Southern Ningxia and the Yellow River Basin.
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表 1 研究区滑坡隐患点
Table 1. Potential landslides points in the study area
编号 区县 点位 隐患类型 HY-01 海原县 关庄乡马圈村 梯田型 HY-02 关庄乡宋庄村井滩组 梯田型 HY-03 李俊乡联合村双沟组 梯田型 HY-04 树台乡龚湾村 非梯田型 YZ-01 原州区 开城镇上青石村三组 梯田型（图2） YZ-02 官厅镇高红村二组 梯田型 YZ-03 张易镇驼巷五组 梯田型 YZ-04 张易镇陈沟村一组1号 梯田型 YZ-05 开城镇上青石村一组 梯田型，在古（老）滑坡上 YZ-06 张易镇陈沟村一组2号 梯田型 YZ-07 张易镇宋洼村一组1号 梯田型，在古（老）滑坡上 YZ-08 张易镇宋洼村一组2号 梯田型 YZ-09 张易镇盐泥村二组 梯田型 YZ-10 开城镇郭庙村八组 非梯田型 XJ-01 西吉县 马建乡刘垴村上垴组 非梯田型 XJ-02 马建乡台子村毛家湾组 非梯田型 XJ-03 火石寨乡大庄一组 非梯田型 XJ-04 白崖乡白崖村二组 非梯田型 XJ-05 偏城乡花儿岔村白套子组 梯田型，在古（老）滑坡上，见图3 XJ-06 硝河乡新庄村南湾组 梯田型，在古（老）滑坡上，见图4 XJ-07 震湖乡孟湾村孟湾组 梯田型 LD-01 隆德县 程靳乡民联村三组 梯田型 LD-02 城关镇杨店村二组 梯田型 LD-03 温堡乡杨家坡二组 梯田型 LD-04 凤岭乡巩龙村四组 梯田型 LD-05 沙塘镇许川村一组 非梯田型 LD-06 城关镇三合村一组 梯田型 LD-07 二中滑坡 梯田型 JY-01 泾源县 香水镇太阳村四组 梯田型 JY-02 香水镇米岗村二组 非梯田型 JY-03 香水镇卡子村三组 梯田型 JY-04 六盘山镇张堡村三组 梯田型 JY-05 兴盛乡红旗村五组 非梯田型 PY-01 彭阳县 古城镇挂马沟村郭庄 梯田型（图5） PY-02 白阳镇余沟村杨树茆 梯田型 
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表 2 梯田型黄土滑坡隐患行政区分布统计
Table 2. Administrative region distribution statistics of loess potential landslides of terrace
行政区 面积/km2 人口/万人 隐患数量/处 占比/% 人口密度/（人·km−2） 隐患密度/（处·100km−2） 隆德县 1004.66 10.95 6 23.07 108.99 0.60 西吉县 3116.13 31.58 3 11.54 101.34 0.10 彭阳县 2534.62 16.05 2 7.69 63.32 0.08 泾源县 1111.16 8.50 3 11.54 76.50 0.27 原州区 2760.79 47.13 9 34.62 170.71 0.33 海原县 4995.22 33.35 3 11.54 66.76 0.06
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