Deformation characteristics and treatment measures of dangerous rock collapse in an expressway in Chongqing
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摘要:
文章以沪蓉高速公路K1515处五处危岩崩塌为研究对象，通过勘察、统计和分析查明了危岩崩塌区的工程地质条件和发育变形特征。研究结果表明：（1）W1、W2危岩体破坏模式为错断和拉裂式，W3-1危岩体破坏模式为倾倒式，W3-2危岩体破坏模式为滑移式，W4和W5危岩体破坏模式为鼓胀式；（2）W1、W2发生拉裂式破坏的稳定性系数分别为1.12和1.61，处于基本稳定～稳定状态；在暴雨工况下W3-1发生倾倒式破坏的稳定系数为0.41，处于不稳定状态； W3-2在各工况发生滑移式破坏的稳定性系数均大于1.35，处于稳定状态；在暴雨工况下W4、W5发生鼓胀式变形的稳定性系数分别为1.25和1.15，均处于基本稳定状态；（3）笔者总结出“降风险、少扰动、稳安全、技术可行”的治理思路，采用“坡脚岩腔砼挡墙嵌补+局部SNS主动网防护+预应力锚索防护”的综合治理措施，治理效果好。可为该类危岩崩塌治理工程措施提供可靠的参考依据。
Abstract:In this paper, five dangerous rockfall collapses at K1515 of the Shanghai-Chengdu expressway are taken as the research object. Through investigation, statistics, and analysis, the engineering geological conditions and developmental deformation characteristics of the dangerous rockfall collapse area are clarified. The research results show that: (1) the failure modes of dangerous rock masses W1 and W2 are misbreaking and cracking, the destruction mode of W3-1 dangerous rock mass is dumping, the destruction mode of W3-2 dangerous rock mass is sliding, and the destruction mode of W4 and W5 is bulging; (2) the stability coefficient of W1 and W2 is 1.12 and 1.61 respectively, which are in basically stable ~ stable state; the stability coefficient of dumping failure of W3-1 is 0.41 and in unstable state; the stability coefficient of sliding failure of W3-2 in W 3-2 is greater than 1.35 and in stable state; under rainstorm condition; the stability coefficient of bulging deformation of W4 and W5 is 1.25 and 1.15 respectively, which are in basically stable state; (3) The authors summarize the governance strategy of “reduce risk, minimize disturbance, ensure safe stability and feasible technology”, and adopt comprehensive remidiation measures of “embedding concrete retaining wall at the toe of slope + local active SNS network protection + prestressed anchor protection”, and the treatment effect was good. It can provide reliable reference basis for the treatment measures of dangerous rock collapse.
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Key words:
- dangerous rock /
- deformation characteristics /
- stability /
- governance ideas /
- governance measures
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表 1 各危岩体发育变形特征
Table 1. Development and deformation characteristics of dangerous rocks
典型危岩照片 典型剖面图 赤平投影分析 破坏模式 体积/m3 
拉裂、错断 600 
拉裂、错断 90 
倾倒、滑移 1260 
鼓胀 2500 
鼓胀 4700 
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表 2 岩体参数取值
Table 2. Values of rock mass parameters
名称 风化程度 坚硬程度 完整程度 岩体基本
质量等级天然重度
/（kN·m−3）黏聚力
/MPa内摩擦角
/（°）抗压强度
/MPa抗拉强度
/MPa抗剪强度
/MPa砂岩 中风化 较坚硬 较完整 Ⅲ 24.5 1.0 45 40～50 1.2～1.5 2.5～3.5 泥岩 强风化 较软岩−软岩 较破碎−破碎 Ⅳ～Ⅴ 22.5 0.2 27 10～20 0.3～0.6 0.8～1.5
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表 3 稳定性计算结果
Table 3. Stability calculation results
编号 尺寸/m 破坏
模式计算工况 稳定性评价 高 宽 厚 天然 暴雨 天然 暴雨 W1 10.0 10.0 3.0 错断 8.50 6.86 稳定 稳定 拉裂 1.65 1.12 稳定 基本稳定 W2 7.0 5.0 2.5 错断 10.20 8.24 稳定 稳定 拉裂 2.38 1.61 稳定 稳定 W3-1 30.0 7.0 4.0 倾倒 0.41 不稳定 W3-2 15.0 7.0 4.0 滑移 3.00 1.60 稳定 稳定 W4 25.0 20.0 5.0 鼓胀 6.53 1.25 稳定 基本稳定 W5 34.0 20.0 7.0 鼓胀 6.00 1.15 稳定 基本稳定
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表 4 稳定性状态划分
Table 4. Classification of stability states
崩塌类型 不稳定 欠稳定 基本稳定 稳定 坠落式 K＜1.0 1.0≤K＜1.5 1.5≤K＜1.8 K≥1.8 倾倒式 K＜1.0 1.0≤K＜1.3 1.3≤K＜1.5 K≥1.5 滑移式 K＜1.0 1.0≤K＜1.2 1.2≤K＜1.3 K≥1.3
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