南海中南—司令断裂带的延伸特征及其与南海扩张演化的关系

黎雨晗; 刘海龄; 朱荣伟; 王印; 周洋; 徐子英

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2017.02.009

南海中南—司令断裂带的延伸特征及其与南海扩张演化的关系

1.
中国科学院南海海洋研究所边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室，广州 510301

2.
中国科学院大学，北京 100049

3.
广州海洋地质调查局国土资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室，广州 510075

基金项目:
国家自然科学基金项目(41276048，91328205，41606080和41476039)；中国海及邻域地质地球物理及地球化学系列图项目(GZH200900504-WX02)

详细信息

作者简介: 黎雨晗(1994—)，男，硕士研究生，主要研究南海地质构造，E-mail：liyuhan15@mails.ucas.ac.cn

通讯作者: 刘海龄，研究员，E-mail:liuh82@126.com

中图分类号: P736.11

周立君编辑

收稿日期: 2016-09-10

修回日期: 2016-10-31

刊出日期: 2017-04-28

EXTENSION OF THE ZHONGNAN-SILING FAULT ZONE IN SOUTH CHINA SEA AND ITS BEARING ON SEAFLOOR SPREADING

1.
CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301

2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

3.
Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075

More Information

Corresponding author: LIU Hailing, liuh82@126.com

Received Date: 10 September 2016

Revised Date: 31 October 2016

Publish Date: 28 April 2017

摘要

摘要:
为了确定中南—司令断裂带在南海海盆及其在南部陆缘的延伸位置，并探讨其与南海扩张的关系，本文利用重磁异常、地震、莫霍面深度、P波速度特征、钻井拖网资料，对中南—司令断裂带的延伸位置进行了综合地质和地球物理研究，厘定了中南—司令断裂带在东部次海盆与西南、西北次海盆之间呈NS向延伸，并南延至南海南部陆缘之上，深度上切割至莫霍面。根据南海海盆中磁异常条带走向的变化，及磁异常条带、走滑/转换断裂、扩张方向的印证关系，结合前人对古南海“剪刀状”碰撞闭合、南海扩张演化、构造应力场的研究，提出在32~25 Ma，伴随着南海东部次海盆的NNW向扩张，南海海盆及南沙地块整体发生顺时针旋转，使中南—司令断裂走向由形成初期的NNW向转变为N—S向；23.5 Ma之后，顺时针旋转停止，南海东部次海盆继续NNW向扩张，西南次海盆呈NW—SE向渐进式扩张。作为一条切穿地壳的深大断裂，中南—司令断裂与红河-越东断裂、马尼拉海沟断裂三条深大断裂一起组成区域“滑线场”，制约南海海盆的扩张与南沙地块的南移。
- 南海扩张 /
- 滑线场 /
- 古双峰-笔架碰撞造山带 /
- 新生代 /
- 中南—司令断裂带
Abstract:
In order to detect the extension pattern of the Zhongnan-Siling fault zone in the oceanic basin, to define the southern margin of South China Sea, and to explore its relationship with the evolutionary history of seafloor spreading of the South China Sea, comprehensive geological and geophysical studies are made by the authors based on the data of gravity and magnetic anomalies, seismic profiles, depth of Moho, seismic P-wave velocity, drilling and dredging samples. The Zhongnan-Siling fault zone, which cuts down to the Moho-boundary, extends in N-S trend between the Eastern Sub-basin and Northwest Sub-basin along the southern margin of the South China Sea, and can be traced to the southern continental margin of the South China Sea. According to the variation in the trend of the magnetic anomaly belt in the oceanic basin of the South China Sea and the mutual relationship of the magnetic anomaly belt with the strike-slip or transform fault and the seafloor spreading direction, combined with previous research results on the "scissors-like" collision, seafloor spreading evolution and the tectonic stress of the South China Sea, the authors proposed in this paper that in the period of 32Ma to 25Ma, the South China Sea basin and the Nansha block had experienced a clockwise rotation along with the spreading of the Eastern Sub-basin in NNW trend, which caused the change in the direction of the Zhongnan-Siling fault from NNW in the early stage to N-S later on. After 23.5Ma, the clockwise rotation was stopped, while the Eastern Sub-basin continued to spread in NNW trend, the southwestern Sub-basin began spreading in a NW-SE trend with SW-ward propagation. The three crust-cutting deep faults, the Zhongnan-Siling fault, together with the other two regional crust-cutting deep faults, the Red River-East Vietnam fault and the Manila trench fault, formed a regional "slip line field", which constrained the seafloor spreading of the South China Sea and the southward drifting of the Nansha block.
- seafloor spreading of the South China Sea /
- slip line field /
- ancient Shuangfeng-Bijia collision orogenic belt /
- Cenozoic /
- Zhongnan-Siling fault zone

HTML全文

图 1 南海区域构造图(底图据文献[15]修改)

Figure 1.

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图 2 南海地区卫星重力异常图

Figure 2.

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图 3 南海地区区域化极磁异常图

Figure 3.

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图 4 南海洋盆中973SCSIO2剖面(位置见图 1中a剖面段；据文献[13]，有修改)

Figure 4.

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图 5 02N03地震剖面及其地质解释图(位置见图 1中b剖面段)

Figure 5.

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图 6 94N02-1A地震剖面及其地质解释图(位置见图 1中c剖面段)

Figure 6.

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图 7 02N05地震剖面及其地质解释图(位置见图 1中d剖面段)

Figure 7.

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图 8 90N10-2地震剖面及其地质解释图(位置见图 1中e剖面段)

Figure 8.

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图 9 中南—司令断裂带在南沙海槽南部的地震反射特征(位置见图 1中f剖面段；地震剖面资料引自文献[4])

Figure 9.

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图 10 南海莫霍面深度等值线图

Figure 10.

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图 11 穿过南海的纵波速度剖面(据文献[39]，有修改)

Figure 11.

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图 12 层块构造“立交传输”运动示意图(据文献[3]，有修改)

Figure 12.

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图 13 南海海盆构造分区及磁异常条带图(据文献[8]，略有修改)

Figure 13.

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图 14 南海中部多波束线性构造解释图(据文献[8])

Figure 14.

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图 15 南海扩张构造演化图

Figure 15.

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表 1 南沙块体东西部构造、地层、沉积特征对比

Table 1. Structural, stratigraphic and sedimentary characteristics of the eastern and western parts of Nansha block

	(西部)永暑-太平地块	(东部)礼乐-北巴拉望地块
典型地震剖面
基底构造样式	褶皱强烈，顶部剥蚀，块断形成半地堑和掀斜断隆	舒缓褶皱，岩浆侵入，块断掀斜
下构造层及其地震相特征	T-K₁海相沉积；地震相为弱振幅连续反射，高频，层次密集，平行层状反射结构	J₁三角洲相-浅海相砂泥岩-K₁滨浅海相含煤碎屑岩系；地震相层次相对清晰，连续性中等至较好，振幅和频率中等，平行层状-发散结构，厚2~4 km
中构造层及其地震相特征	厚1~3 km，较厚，最厚达4.5 km；下部为半地堑充填，上部为席状披盖；地震相为弱-中等振幅，低-中等频率，中-较好连续性，层次较清晰	厚度大多小于1 km，较薄；未变质的E₁-E₂三角洲相和外浅海-半深海相碎屑沉积，充填于半地堑底部的下延至K₂；地震相为准平行至发散的反射结构
上构造层及其地震相特征	下部：E₂³-E₃¹充填地堑的海陆过渡相碎屑沉积，发散反射结构；中部：E₃³-N₁¹浅海台地相层状碳酸盐岩，水平层状上超充填结构，连续性好，低频率，亚平行强反射上部：N₁²-Q现代生物礁体，席状披盖海侵超覆沉积	浅海-半深海相碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩，台地相碳酸盐岩和生物礁沉积；地震相为低振幅，低频率，连续性好，准平行反射结构
北缘伸展断层特征	陡立阶梯状组合形式，形成一些孤立的半地堑	铲状伸展断层，组成同向翘倾型半地堑群
岩石圈伸展机制	纯剪伸展作用	简单剪切伸展作用
地震地质解释剖面
基底构造样式	半地堑和掀斜断块；拆离断层向SE倾斜	礼乐盆地中发育铲式正断层，多米诺状半地堑；礼乐滩中为边缘高原构造样式；拆离断层向NW向倾斜
沉积层特征	尚未将基底完全掩埋，掀斜断块顶部形成碳酸盐礁体	礼乐盆地中裂后期沉积将半地堑完全充填，礼乐滩沉积薄
构造变形	构造变形强烈	构造变形较弱
新生代沉积特征	南薇西盆地	礼乐盆地
	E₁-E₂²：冲积相、河泛平原沼泽相、扇三角洲、湖相碎屑岩	礼乐盆地
	E₂³-E₃¹：海陆过渡相、泻湖相、滨海-浅海碎屑岩	E₁-E₂¹：湖相、滨海、浅海、半深海相碎屑岩
	E₃³-N₁²：海相砂泥岩互层	E₂³-Q：浅海、半深海相碳酸盐岩和砂泥岩
	N₁³-Q：浅海-半深海砂质泥岩、泥岩
	北康盆地
	E₁-E₂²：西部为冲积平原碎屑岩、湖泊与沼泽相泥岩、碳质泥岩；东部为浅海相砂泥岩互层、滨海砂岩、海岸平原砂岩
	E₂³-N₁²：西部为三角洲相砂泥岩，滨岸沼泽、河漫沼泽和冲积平原砂岩向滨浅海砂泥岩、台地灰岩-生物礁过渡；东部为浅海-半深海相砂泥岩互层，半深海相泥岩
	N₁³-Q：浅海-半深海相碎屑岩
注：L1中段地震剖面、90N9北段地震剖面参考自文献[3]，NH973-1、NH973-2测线参考自文献[14]，剖面位置见图 1。新生代沉积特征根据文献[40-42]总结。

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