TIMING AND GENESIS OF CENOZOIC MAGMATISMS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND SURROUNDING AREAS
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摘要:
南海及其围区新生代岩浆活动具有相似的特征,根据与南海扩张时间(32~15.5 Ma)的先后关系,将岩浆活动分为三期:扩张前(>32 Ma)、扩张期(32~15.5 Ma)和停止扩张后(< 15.5 Ma)。从岩相学特征可知:扩张前的岩石以三水盆地双峰式岩浆岩组合为代表;根据最新的IODP 349航次的钻孔样品资料,南海海盆扩张期岩浆岩为典型的MORB,而少量的陆缘岩石资料显示,该期岩浆岩为碱性玄武岩;停止扩张后岩浆活动可分为两期,早期以大陆-大洋中脊过渡型拉斑玄武岩为主,晚期以碱性玄武岩为主。除了扩张期南海海盆的MORB,整个新生代的岩浆岩地球化学特征大体一致,与OIB相似,显示地幔源区具有不均一性,由一个DMM和一个EM端元组成,且岩石均表现出明显的Dupal异常特征。对于富集端元的性质和来源、Dupal异常的成因、海南地幔柱是否存在等问题目前存在较大争议。具OIB特征的岩浆除来自地幔柱作用外,地幔交代作用也是重要的产生机制。本文认为碳酸盐流体对地幔源区的交代作用可能在南海地区新生代岩浆活动中扮演了重要的角色。另外,岩浆岩成岩过程的研究也不够全面深入,这些都是在今后的研究工作中需要关注的地方,有待后来进一步的研究。
Abstract:The Cenozoic magmatic activities in the South China Sea (SCS) are similar with its surrounding areas. It may be divided into three stages following the spreading of the SCS: pre-spreading (32 Ma), syn-spreading (32~15.5 Ma), and post-spreading (< 15.5 Ma). The pre-spreading rocks are bimodal volcanic rock suite which is typically exposed in the Sanshui basin; the syn-spreading magmatic rocks in the SCS basin are typical MORB according to the data from IODP expedition 349, but the limited syn-spreading magmatic rocks in eastern Guangdong and western Taiwan are alkali basalts; the post-spreading magmatism can be subdivided into two periods: the early period dominated by tholeiites and the late predominated by alkali basalts. The geochemical characteristics of the Cenozoic magmatic rocks (expect the syn-spreading MORB) in the SCS and its surrounding areas are consistent and similar with OIB, indicating that the mantle source is heterogeneous, which is composed of a DMM and an EM end member, and show the Dupal isotope anomaly. However, there are controversies in the issues such as the nature and origin of the EM end member, cause of the Dupal isotope anomaly, and the existence of the Hainan plume. The plume may produce OIB-like magmas, but not all OIB-like magmas are produced from the plume, mantle metasomatism can also have important impact on the magmatism. In this paper, it's considered that carbonate fluids metasomatism in the mantle source may play an important role in the Cenozoic magmatism in the SCS and its surrounding areas. The research on the diagenetic process is not enough yet. These are the places where attention needs to be paid to in the future research work.
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Key words:
- Cenozoic magmatic activities /
- magmatic genesis /
- South China Sea
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图 1 南海及其围区新生代岩浆岩分布简图(据文献[43]修改)
Figure 1.
图 2 南海及其围区新生代岩浆岩年龄分布(数据来源同表 2)
Figure 2.
表 1 南海扩张时间
Table 1. Opening time of the South China Sea
表 2 南海及其围区新生代岩浆岩年龄
Table 2. Ages of Cenozoic magmatic rocks in the SCS and its surrounding areas
分期 地区 岩性 年龄/Ma 测年方法 数据来源 扩张前 三水盆地 粗面岩、流纹岩、玄武岩 43~64 K-Ar 文献[13] 台湾西部 玄武岩、英安岩、流纹岩 37.7~53.7 Ar-Ar 文献[18] 珠江口盆地 玄武岩、粗面岩、英安岩、安山岩、流纹岩 33.6~51.6 K-Ar 文献[14] 扩张期 粤东普寨和韭菜地 碱性玄武岩 20.2~20.8 Ar-Ar 文献[17] 台湾西北部 碱性玄武岩 20~23 文献[21] 台湾西南部 碱性玄武岩 21~22.1 Ar-Ar 文献[19] 双峰海山 粗面岩 23.3~23.8 Ar-Ar 文献[20] 宪北海山 碱性和拉斑玄武岩 15~38 文献[24] 停止扩张后 中南海山 碱性玄武岩 3.49 稀释法 文献[22] 珍贝海山 拉斑玄武岩 9.5 稀释法 文献[22] 黄岩海山 粗面岩 7.77 K-Ar 文献[39] 涨中海山 碱性玄武岩 4.76~5.78 K-Ar 文献[36] 玳瑁海山 拉斑玄武岩 14.1 稀释法 文献[22] 玄武质火山角砾岩 16.6 K-Ar 文献[42] 海南岛 碱性和拉斑玄武岩 0.68~12.89 Ar-Ar 文献[40] 雷琼地区 碱性和拉斑玄武岩 0.18~4.13 Ar-Ar 文献[30] 北部湾 玄武岩 1.1~5.9 K-Ar 文献[33] 越南 碱性和拉斑玄武岩 0.4~15.5 Ar-Ar 文献[29] -
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