BEACH EVOLUTION AND SPACE-TIME DISCREPANCY OF EROSION INTENSITY AFTER NOURISHMENT——Taking Langtaosha Beach of Qinhuangdao as an example
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摘要:
海滩养护是修复受侵蚀海滩最快捷而有效的方法，在国内外已得到了大量的工程应用。工程后，海滩地貌形态为适应新的地形、水动力和沉积物条件而调整到新的平衡状态的过程中，海滩剖面发生了先急后缓的形态变化。对秦皇岛浪淘沙浴场养滩工程后连续36个月的海滩形态监测数据进行分析，结果表明海滩单宽体积平均增加约63.87 m3/m，岸线平均向海推进约14 m，海滩填沙保存量占填沙总量的79.16%，达到工程目标，养滩效果良好。海滩形态演化过程中，侵蚀强度呈明显的时空差异性：养滩初期海滩侵蚀严重，之后侵蚀强度呈减弱趋势。受波浪、水位、风向等因素的季节性变化影响，平均海滩侵蚀量夏秋季明显高于冬春季。受东侧基岩岬头和填沙量差异的影响，东段位于遮蔽段内，且相对凹岸，利于淤积，而西侧位于切线段，且相对凸岸，侵蚀强烈。
Abstract:Beach nourishment is a convenient and effective way to fight with coastal erosion, and there has been a large number of projects at home and abroad for nourishment. After every nourishment, the beach profiles will change obviously after or within three years to approach a hydrodynamic balance. In this case, we studied the natural evolution of the Langtaosha beach for two years of time after a nourishment. In the two years, the beach volume increased about 63.87m3/m, the shoreline moved seawards for about 14m, and the ratio of sand preservation of the beach reached 79.16%. The project is respected as a great success. In the process of natural evolution, the erosion intensity is significantly changed in different seasons and from place to place. Immediately after the beach nourishment, the beach erosion was very strong. It became weaker as time went on. As a result of the seasonal variation in wave direction, sea level and wind direction, the erosion intensity in summer is stronger than that in winter. Because of the headland on the eastern side of the beach and difference in sediment nourishment, the eastern part of beach, which is located at a relative concave bank and shielded from wave action, is more inclined to deposition. But the western section, which is located at a relative convex bank, is eroded seriously.
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Key words:
- beach nourishment /
- morphological evolution /
- erosion intensity /
- space-time discrepancy
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表 1 海滩养护后变化情况
Table 1. Changes of beach after nourishment projects
剖面 项目 竣工初期 6个月 12个月 18个月 24个月 30个月 36个月 J1 单宽变化/(m3/m) 90. 0 -14. 7 -2. 2 —5. 0 —5.7 —4.9 —7.3 0m线/m 38. 6 -7. 3 -14.1 14.3 —15.5 0.9 —6.5 滩肩顶/m/ 28. 3 -4.0 0.7 —4.8 —0.4 —2.9 —2.1 滩面坡度/ °) 3.4 3.9 10.8 3.3 7.4 5.6 7.7 J2 单宽变化/ (m3/m) 141.5 -10.8 — 10. 9 4.8 —11.7 —2.2 —4.1 0m线/m 51. 7 -10.1 -14.0 18.0 —18.9 14.0 —18.8 滩肩顶/m 36.9 -2.7 -0.7 —4.9 —0.1 —2.8 —3.6 滩面坡度/°) 3. 0 4.0 9.5 2.8 6.7 3.0 6.0 J3 单宽变化/(m3/m) 75.9 -10.3 0. 7 —3.6 —2.8 —6.2 1.3 0m线/m 31.9 -10.0 -5.6 16.7 —18.2 12.9 —13.2 滩肩顶/m 22.9 -3.7 0.1 —2.2 —0.4 —1.8 —0.6 滩面坡度/°) 4. 0 5.5 8.4 3.1 7.7 3.4 6.6 J4 单宽变化/(m3/m) 31.4 -4.1 30. 1 —7.3 16.6 —10.8 6.4 0m线/m 13.3 -0.5 4.8 4.2 —12.4 —1.7 1.0 滩肩顶/m 5.1 -12.6 16.5 1.0 —3.0 —3.3 5.7 滩面坡度/°) 4. 0 2.6 3.9 3.4 5.3 4.9 6.5 J5 单宽变化/(m3/m) 20. 9 30.6 —2. 6 —32.3 16.4 —1.9 10.1 0m线/m 7.2 3.8 -0.3 7.4 —12.7 1.1 5.1 滩肩顶/m 1.6 0.2 5.8 —1.6 1.5 —3.4 5.6 滩面坡度/°) 4.0 3.5 4.5 3.1 6.1 4.7 4.8 
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表 2 海滩侵蚀强度
Table 2. Intensity of beach erosion
剖面 岸线后退速率S/(m/a) 海滩宽度侵蚀模数W/% J1 50 6.10 J2 4.90 5.72 J3 2.84 5.79 平均 4.08 5.87 J4 —1.42 —3.28 J5 —2.69 —6.55 平均 —2.06 —4.91 注：“一”表示淤积
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表 3 海岸侵蚀强度分级方案
Table 3. Classification scheme of beach erosion intensity
强度级别 后退速率S/(m/a) 侵蚀宽度模数W/% 淤积 < 0 < 0 微侵蚀 0~1 0~2 侵蚀 1~2 2~5 强侵蚀 2~3 5~10 严重侵蚀 "3 "10
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