LITHOFACIES OF MUDSTONE AND SHALE DEPOSITS OF THE ES3Z-ES4S FORMATION IN DONGYING SAG AND THEIR DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT
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摘要:
泥页岩的沉积环境控制了矿物、有机质特征和岩相类型。开展东营凹陷古近系沙河街组泥页岩薄片、X衍射、热解和微量元素等分析，研究各层段元素地球化学特征和岩相类型，探索沉积环境变化与岩相组合的响应关系。研究表明沙河街组沙三下-沙四上亚段泥页岩包含了均匀块状泥岩、细纹层状页岩、宽纹层状页岩、断续纹层状页岩和含石膏构造泥岩5种岩相类型。各层段沉积环境变化明显，沙四纯下次亚段沉积时期水体盐度最高，随着湖泊淡化，水体盐度降低，至沙三下亚段已演化为盐度较低且波动稳定的湖泊环境。岩石类型与沉积环境关系密切：沙四纯下次亚段浅水高盐度条件下沉积了石膏构造泥岩和少量均匀块状泥岩；沙四纯上底部高盐度水体加深的环境下沉积宽纹层页岩和少量细纹层页岩；沙四纯上次亚段上部盐度降低环境沉积均匀块状泥岩和少量宽纹层页岩；沙三下亚段深水安静且盐度较低的环境沉积细纹层页岩，充分展现了沉积环境对岩相的控制作用。因此，关注泥页岩沉积环境演变与岩相成因，探讨岩石与沉积环境响应关系，能够为非常规油气勘探提供新的思路。
Abstract:The features of mineralogy, organic matter and lithofacies of mudstones and shale are controlled by depositional environment. An amount of samples selected from the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying depression are studied by the authors by means of microscope, X-ray diffraction, pyrolytic analysis and chemical analysis. The results are used to establish the relationship between the element geochemistry and types of lithofacies, upon which the relationship between depositional environment and lithofacies is further revealed. The lithofacies of mudstone/shale includes thin laminated shale, discontinuous laminated shale, thick laminated shale, homogenous massive mudstone and the mudstone with anhydrite-relict. Their depositional environments are obviously different. During the time while the sub-member of Es4cx-Es3x was deposited, the lake evolved from deep to shallow and from saline to fresh, and was in an anoxic environment during the whole period. There is a close relationship between lithology and environment. In the early Es4c, it was a shallow and salty lake with deposition of anhydrite-relict mudstone and homogeneous massive mudstone; the upper Es4c is mainly consisting of laminated shale at the bottom and homogeneous massive mudstone on the top, as the lake changed from a salty to a brackish lake; the lower Es3 represents a deep fresh lake, rich in laminated shale. In conclusion, both the rock types and their hydrocarbon potentials are controlled by depositional environment. In this regard, further research is suggested on the relationship between lithofacies of mudstone/shale and their depositional environment.
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表 1 各构造类型泥页岩矿物与热解特征
Table 1. Characteristics of mineral and pyrolysis of samples
沙三下亚段 沙四上亚段 沙四纯上 沙四纯下 矿物特征 黏土矿物/% 21.2 20. 1 30.2 碳酸盐矿物/% 43.3 49.7 33.4 碎屑矿物/% 27.9 26.3 27.2 硬石膏/% 0.0 0.1 5.0 热解特征 TOC/% 3.92 3.34 2.13 HI/(mg/g) 513 450 213 Ol/(mg/g） 39 47 121 Tmax/℃ 439 439 426 
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表 2 泥页岩岩相特征与成因
Table 2. Characteristics and origin of mudstones/shales
岩相类型 纹层类型 矿物类型 有机质特征 成因分析 沉积作用 细纹层页岩 亮色泥质纹层 集黏土矿物、少量碎屑矿物 生物勃发时期产生的富有机质纹层 物理-化学作用沉淀 静水生物勃发时期形成的岩石 暗色富有机质纹层 富集黏土矿物 化学-生物作用沉淀 亮晶方解石脉 亮晶方解石 成岩作用成因 宽纹层页岩 泥质纹层 富集黏土矿物、少量碎屑矿物 砂泥质纹层中微小植物残片；
碳酸盐纹层中浮游藻微体化石物理一化学作用沉淀 水体安静且矿化度较高环境下沉积形成的岩石 少量粉砂质纹层 富集碎屑矿物 少量富有机质纹层 富黏土矿物 生物作用诱发的沉淀 隐晶质碳酸盐纹层 隐晶质方解石 断续纹层页岩 碳质纹层 与黏土矿物和碎屑矿物共生 粪球粒、藻团块及微小的植物残片 机械一生物作用沉淀 水体相对较浅，浮游生物勃发时期形成的岩石 泥质基底 富集黏土矿物 化学作用沉淀 透镜状隐晶质碳酸盐 隐晶质方解石 生物作用诱发的沉淀 均匀块状泥岩 泥灰质基底 黏土矿物与隐晶质碳酸盐 微小的植物残片 生物一化学作用沉淀 水体相对动荡环境下形成的岩石 含碎屑块状泥岩 分散状碎屑颗粒 石英、长石颗粒 红色高等植物残片 机械作用主导的沉淀 水体较浅环境下，外源物质输入丰富时期形成 泥质基底 富集黏土矿物 生物作用诱发的沉淀 少量碳酸盐斑块 隐晶质碳酸盐 含石膏构造泥岩 硬石膏脉 硬石膏 黑色不透明颗粒 蒸发环境机械一化学作用沉淀 蒸发深缩环境 泥质基底 富集黏土矿物
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