LITHOFACIES AND ORGANIC MATTER ENRICHMENT IN MADINGO FORMATION OF BLOCK M, LOWER CONGO BASIN
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摘要:
以下刚果盆地M区块Madingo组烃源岩为研究对象，通过X-射线衍射、薄片鉴定、背散射、能谱分析、主量元素及有机地化测试等技术手段，分析了烃源岩的矿物组成、古生物与岩相特征，并讨论了烃源岩有机质富集机制。结果表明：Madingo组烃源岩矿物组成以黏土矿物和硅质矿物为主，方解石和长石次之，含有少量的白云石和黄铁矿；有孔虫、放射虫等微古生物发育；根据矿物组成、古生物特征和磷酸盐含量，并结合显微岩石构造，共识别出富有孔虫细粒岩、富放射虫细粒岩、磷质细粒岩、黏土质细粒岩、长英质细粒岩和灰质细粒岩6种岩相类型。研究区Madingo组烃源岩的发育受海平面升降、上升流、古地理和古气候的控制：Madingo组共识别出3期海侵/海退旋回，海平面升降通过控制水体深度、氧化还原条件和沉积物类型，进而控制岩相和烃源岩的发育；富放射虫细粒岩、磷质细粒岩和富有孔虫细粒岩有机质含量较高，推测为两期不同规模的上升流沉积；Madingo组沉积时期，研究区发育与盐底辟活动相关的陆架内部洼陷，相对封闭的水体环境有利于有机质的保存；古气候经历了干旱气候、相对湿润气候和湿润气候3个阶段，通过控制海洋中陆源有机质输入在一定程度上影响烃源岩有机质丰度和有机质类型。
Abstract:The source rock of the Madingo Formation in the Block M of the Lower Congo Basin is selected as the research object of this paper. Mineralogy, paleontology and lithofacies of the source rock were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, thin sections, backscatter and energy spectrum. Special attention is paid to major elements and organic matters, and the enrichment mechanism of organic matters discussed. The results show that the source rock is mainly composed of clay and silica minerals, followed by calcite, feldspar, dolomite and pyrite. Micro fossils and nanofossiles, such as foraminifera and radiolarian, are rather popular. Based on mineralogy, paleontology, phosphate content and microstructure, six types of lithofacies are identified, i.e.: foraminifera-bearing fine deposits, radiolarian-bearing fine deposits, phosphatic fine deposits, argillaceous fine deposits, silty fine deposits and calcareous fine deposits. The deposition of the source rock in Madingo Formation was under the joint control of sea level eustacy, upwelling current, paleo-climate and paleogeography. Several cycles of transgression and regression events are identified in the Formation. Sea level eustacy constrained the deposition of lithofacies through changes in water depth, redox conditions and sediments types. Foraminifera-bearing fine deposits, phosphatic fine deposits and radiolarian-bearing fine deposits with high organic content are formed in two cycles of upwelling. Depressions in the inner shelf were filled with evaporate deposits during the period while the Madingo Formation was deposited. The relatively closed environment benefited the preservation of organic matters. The paleo-climate experienced three stages of change from dry to relatively humid and to humid climate during the period of Madingo Formation. The abundance and types of organic matter were dependent upon to some extent the input of terrigenous organic matter.
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Key words:
- lower Congo Basin /
- source rock /
- lithofacies /
- sea level eustacy /
- upwelling /
- ancient climate
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表 1 Madingo组烃源岩X衍射分析数据
Table 1. X-ray diffraction data of source rock in Madingo Formation
深度/m 岩相 全岩矿物含量/ 黏土矿物相对含量/ 石英 长石 黄铁矿 黏土矿物 方解石 白云石 其他 绿泥石 伊利石 高岭石 伊蒙混层 3 580 磷质细粒岩 18 3 7 61 3 0 8 10 25 40 25 3 611 磷质细粒岩 22 14 4 46 2 4 8 10 30 35 25 3 623 磷质细岩 23 16 4 34 15 3 5 10 30 35 25 3 629 磷质细岩 20 6 3 49 13 3 6 5 40 35 20 3 638 磷质细岩 24 6 4 35 18 2 11 20 30 35 15 3 650 质细岩 24 6 4 26 28 3 9 20 20 40 20 3 677 磷质细岩 18 4 3 50 15 5 5 20 25 30 25 3 689 质细岩 17 3 3 33 37 3 4 20 30 30 20 3 716 细岩 26 11 4 32 20 6 1 10 30 30 30 3 728 细岩 25 6 1 53 8 4 3 25 25 20 30 3 740 细岩 30 10 3 47 8 2 0 25 30 25 20 3 749 细岩 23 13 2 53 6 1 2 25 35 15 25 3 764 黏土质细岩 25 7 3 50 12 3 0 25 35 15 25 3 791 质细岩 26 15 2 43 8 2 4 30 45 5 20 3 806 质细岩 27 19 3 36 11 2 2 30 45 0 25 3 818 黏土质细岩 34 7 2 46 5 3 3 30 45 0 25 3 830 黏土质细岩 25 6 2 55 8 1 3 35 45 0 20 3 839 质细岩 32 10 1 45 8 2 2 25 45 15 15 3 845 黏土质细岩 31 5 0 49 11 1 3 25 50 0 25 3 860 黏土质细岩 28 6 2 46 12 3 3 35 45 0 20 3 875 富放射虫细粒岩 23 17 3 36 12 5 4 25 45 15 15 3 881 富放射虫细粒岩 28 16 2 29 17 3 5 15 40 25 20 3 893 放射细岩 32 11 2 20 28 3 4 20 50 20 10 3 899 放射细岩 29 13 3 23 26 3 3 25 55 10 10 3 911 放射细岩 12 2 5 75 6 0 0 20 15 35 30 3 920 放射细岩 20 12 2 46 18 2 0 25 10 30 35 3 941 质细岩 16 19 2 28 31 1 3 10 70 10 10 3 968 质细岩 17 14 2 28 35 1 3 35 55 0 10 3 980 质细岩 15 18 2 22 39 1 3 30 60 0 10 3 998 质细岩 19 22 3 31 20 1 4 35 40 5 20 4 020 质细岩 26 11 4 44 10 0 5 40 45 0 15 
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