A NEWLY DEVELOPED BOTTOM-SUPPORTED SUBMERSIBLE BUOYANT SYSTEM AND ITS TESTING APPLICATION TO A NATURAL GAS HYDRATE AREA
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摘要:
为满足天然气水合物调查区对海底环境长期原位监测的需求，研发了坐底式潜标观测系统(海底观测基站)，该系统是研究海底尤其是天然气水合物区海底环境特征的关键技术手段，可用于采集海底边界层位长期连续环境参数，评估天然气水合物开采可能引发的环境影响，为安全有效地使用天然气水合物资源提供科学依据。坐底式潜标观测系统采用坐底式设计，最大工作深度4 000 m，搭载了甲烷、二氧化碳、温盐深、溶解氧、浊度计、透射计、声学多普勒剖面仪以及定点海流计等传感器，通过声学释放器丢弃抛载锚完成上浮回收。研制完成后，成功在南海北部陆坡区进行了试验性应用，顺利完成回收，并采集到试验站位海底边界层位预定观测的各海洋物理化学环境参数。本系统在水下连续工作时间不小于180天，并可根据需求增加电池仓，延长观测周期，使长期监测能力覆盖整个水合物开采周期，可对开采前、中、后海底甲烷的泄漏情况进行对比，并对甲烷的来源进行分析，具有重要的现实意义和良好的应用前景。
Abstract:A bottom-supported submersible buoyant system is designed for long-term seabed environmental monitoring in a natural gas hydrate area. It can be used to study the characteristics of submarine environment in the area and to collect long-term environmental parameters for seabed boundary layers. Through comparison of related parameters acquired before and after, the changes near seafloor resulted from the exploration and pilot production of natural gas hydrate could be monitored and assessed, for the purpose to reduce the risk of environmental changes. The submersible may carry various sensors, such as those for measurement of methane and carbon dioxide, CTD (Conductance, Temperature and Depth), dissolved oxygen, turbidity, transmittance, ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers) and single-point RCM (Recording Current Meter). It can be recovered by discarding the clump weight through deep-sea acoustic release transponder. The maximum working depth of this system is 4000 meters and the batteries are sufficient to provide power for all the sensors for more than 180 days. After a successful deep-sea test with effective data and safe recovery in northern South China Sea, it is confirmed that the bottom-supported submersible buoyant system has a promising prospect of application in improving safe and effective use of natural gas hydrate resources.
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表 1 环评海底潜标主要技术参数
Table 1. Main technical parameters
技术参数 坐底式潜标观测系统 整体尺寸 2.20 m×1.80 m×2.50 m 空气中重量 1.5 t 水下正浮力 70 kg 上浮速度 60~70 m/min 最大工作深度 4 000 m 最长工作时间 ≥180 d 距边界层位距离 ≤50 cm 通信方式 水声通讯 
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表 2 集成传感器类型及工作参数设置
Table 2. Working parameters settings of the sensors
序号 传感器 型号 主要技术参数 1 CH4 Contros’HydroCTMHISEM CH4 Plus Sensor 最大工作水深：4 000 m；探测原件：NDIR光学分析系统；工作温度：0~30 ℃；测量范围：1 ~ 40 000 μatm；分辨率：＜1 μatm；精度：±1%测量值。 2 CO2 Contros’HydroCTM CO2 Sensor 最大工作水深：4 000 m；探测原件：NDIR光学分析系统；工作温度：0~30 ℃；测量范围：(100 ~ 3 000)×10-6；分辨率： < 1×10-6；精度：±1%测量值。 3 CTD SBE 16 Plus V2 最大工作水深：7 000 m采样频率：≥4 HZ温度测量范围：-5 ℃~35 ℃；分辨率：≤0.000 1 ℃；精度：≤0.005 ℃。压力测量范围：0~20/100/350/600/1 000/2 000/3 500/7 000 m分辨率：≤0.002%满量程；精度：≤0.1%满量程。电导率测量范围：0~9 S/m；分辨率：≤0.000 05 S/m；精度：≤0.000 5 S/m。溶解氧测量范围：120%表面饱和度分辨率：≤0.2 μM/kg；精度：≤±3 μM/kg。浊度测量范围：0~30/60/125/250/500/1 000 NTU 4 ADCP RDI WHS-300 最大工作水深：6 000 m流速精度：≤水流速的±0.5%±5 mm/s流速分辨率：≤1 mm/s流速范围：±5 m/s(默认)；±20 m/s(最大)发射频率：≥2 Hz测量范围：宽带模式126 m，大量程模式165 m 5 RCM Anaderaa Seaguard Rcm (DW) 最大工作水深：6 000 m；流速测量范围：0~300 cm/s；分辨率：0.1 mm/s；平均精度：±0.15 cm/s；相对精度：±1%读数；流向测量范围：0~360°磁角；分辨率：0.01°；精确度：±5°在0~15°倾角，±7.5°在15~35°倾角。
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表 3 各传感器测量结果
Table 3. The results of all the sensors
测量参数 单位 变化范围 平均值 CH4 nmol/L 13.7~42.4 26.3 CO2 μatm 820~845 830 温度 ℃ 2.94~3.05 3.01 盐度 PSU 34.563~34.570 34.566 压力 dB 1 370.2~1 374.7 1 372.8 溶解氧 mg/L 2.95~3.06 2.99 浊度 NTU 0~16.0 0.3 透射度 % 0~4.3 1.5 流速(底流) m/s 0.009~0.301 0.107 流速(距海底4 m) m/s - 0.051 流速(距海底36 m) m/s - 0.083 流速(距海底68 m) m/s - 0.079
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