日照市海岸带土壤和海底沉积物重金属分布与环境质量评价

吴振; 王松涛; 刘金庆; 印萍; 张勇

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2017031901

日照市海岸带土壤和海底沉积物重金属分布与环境质量评价

1.
山东省第四地质矿产勘查院，潍坊 261021

2.
山东省地矿局海岸带地质环境保护重点实验室，潍坊 261021

3.
山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院，青岛 266590

4.
中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所，青岛 266071

基金项目:
山东省日照市海岸带综合地质调查项目(201129)

详细信息

作者简介: 吴振(1985—)，男，高级工程师，从事水文地质、环境地质和海洋地质研究，E-mail: sdwfwz@126.com

通讯作者: 刘金庆(1986—)，男，博士后，讲师，从事海洋地质研究，E-mail: jinqingliu@hotmail.com

中图分类号: P595

蔡秋蓉编辑

收稿日期: 2017-03-19

修回日期: 2017-05-02

刊出日期: 2019-02-28

Distribution of heavy metals in soils and surface sediments along Rizhao coast and environmental assessment

1.
No.4 Exploration Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Weifang 261021, China

2.
Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Geological Environment Protection, Shandong Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Weifang 261021, China

3.
College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China

4.
Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LIU Jinqing, jinqingliu@hotmail.com

Received Date: 19 March 2017

Revised Date: 02 May 2017

Publish Date: 28 February 2019

摘要

摘要:
对日照市海岸带土壤和表层沉积物中的重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、As和Hg)进行分析，研究了重金属的分布特征和污染状况。结果表明，日照市海岸带土壤重金属高值区主要分布在城镇居民地和工矿用地，与工业污染物密切相关，海域重金属Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni和Hg高值区主要分布在石臼港和岚山港区附近，明显受粒径制约，但元素Cd、Pb和As在东南海域的富集可能与铁锰氧化物的吸附有关。同时，As元素含量高可能与海域As元素本身背景高有关。城镇地区重金属污染和生态风险分别表现为较高和很高，而郊区农田以及海域分别表现为中等和较低。
- 重金属 /
- 分布特征 /
- 污染来源 /
- 生态风险评价 /
- 日照市海岸带
Abstract:
Contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As and Hg in soils and surface sediments of Rizhao coast have been analyzed in order to detect the distribution and contamination of these elements. Results show that the high values of heavy metals in soils are mainly distributed in the urban residential land, industrial and mining land, which are obviously from industrial pollutants. The high values of Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni and Hg in the nearshore area are mainly distributed in the areas close to Shijiu Port and Lanshan Port, obviously controlled by particle sizes of bottom sediments. However, the enrichment of Cd, Pb and As in the southeastern area might be related to the adsorption of iron and manganese oxides. In addition, As owes its high content to its high background. Ecological risk assessment suggests that the total degree of pollution and ecological risk of heavy metals contamination in urban areas are high and very high, but medium or low in suburban farmland and nearshore areas.
- heavy metals /
- distribution characteristics /
- pollution source /
- ecological risk assessment /
- Rizhao coast

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图 1 日照市海岸带土壤和海底表层沉积物采样位置

Figure 1.

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图 2 日照市海岸带重金属分布

Figure 2.

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图 3 日照市海域表层沉积物重金属与平均粒径(Mz)关系

Figure 3.

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图 4 日照市海岸带土地利用分布图

Figure 4.

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图 5 日照市海岸带重金属总体污染程度和潜在生态风险程度分布

Figure 5.

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表 1 土壤、海底表层沉积物环境质量标准(据文献[8, 9]，单位:μg/g)

Table 1. Environmental quality standard of soils and surface sediments

类别		土壤		表层沉积物
pH	＜6.5	6.5~7.5	＞7.5	-
Cd	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.5
Hg	0.3	0.5	1.0	0.2
As(水田)	30	25	20	20
As(旱田)	40	30	25	-
Cu(农田)	50	100	100	35
Cu(果园)	150	200	200	-
Pb	250	300	350	60
Cr(水田)	250	300	350	80
Cr(旱田)	150	200	250	-
Zn	200	250	300	150
Ni	40	500	60	-
注:“-”代表海洋沉积物质量(GB18668-2002), 没有列出相应的参考值。

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表 2 潜在生态风险评价指标(据Hakanson，1980修改)

Table 2. The assessment index of potential ecological risk (modified after Hakanson, 1980)

评价等级	单个污染物污染参数 (C_fⁱ)	总体污染参数(C_d)	单个污染物潜在生态风险参数 (Erⁱ)	潜在生态风险指数 (RI)
低	＜1	＜8	＜40	＜150
中	1~3	8~16	40~80	150~300
较高	3~6	16~24	80~160	300~600
高			160~320
很高	≥6	≥24	≥320	≥600

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表 3 日照市海岸带重金属含量统计(单位:μg/g)

Table 3. Heavy metal contents in Rizhao coast

	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Cd	Hg	Pb
最大值	298.10	170.90	148.90	517.80	41.00	0.57	0.98	165.10
最小值	9.80	6.00	1.00	12.20	1.60	0.02	0.01	11.80
平均值	48.86	19.50	14.40	51.72	6.54	0.09	0.02	27.27
中值	48.8	18.8	14.2	50.2	6.63	0.09	0.02	26.9
标准偏差	13.12	5.41	5.77	15.10	1.82	0.02	0.01	3.63
变异系数	27.0%	28.0%	40.0%	29.2%	28.0%	27.0%	38.0%	13.0%

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表 4 日照市海岸带重金属元素含量与其他典型区域比较(单位:μg/g)

Table 4. Comparison of heavy metal concentrations in Rizhao coast and other representative areas

	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cr	Ni	Cd	As	Hg	参考文献
日照市表层土壤	17.04	28.36	55.91	52.43	21.07	0.09	6.54	0.04	本文
日照市近岸海域	15.92	29.23	42.84	43.25	20.75	0.08	17.54	0.019	本文
日照市表层土壤	15.6	26.3	60.3	46	20.2	0.1	4.9	0.03	吕建树等，2012
日照市表层土壤	19.2	26.8	64.7	57.1	24.3	0.113	5.4	0.026	庞旭贵等，2014
海州湾	19.41	18.23	73.29	74.18		0.17	6.62		李飞和徐敏，2014
胶州湾	25.04	32.95	71.15	44.35		0.086	7.59	0.086	何书峰等，2013
莱州湾	21.96	21.99	60.41	60.00		0.12	12.64	0.051	郑懿民等，2015

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表 5 日照市海岸带土壤及表层沉积物单项污染指数评价结果

Table 5. Results of individual pollution index of soil and surface sediments in Rizhao coast

%
	土壤		表层沉积物
	P_i≤1	P_i＞1	P_i≤1	P_i＞1
As	100.00	0	70.00	30.00
Cd	99.85	0.15	100.00	0
Cr	99.55	0.45	90.00	10.00
Cu	97.15	2.85	100.00	0
Hg	98.20	1.80	100.00	0
Ni	97.45	2.55	100.00	0
Pb	100.00	0	100.00	0
Zn	99.85	0.15	100.00	0

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表 6 日照市海岸带重金属单因子污染物污染程度与潜在生态风险程度

Table 6. The degrees of contamination and potential ecological risk in Rizhao coast

重金属	C_fⁱ			Erⁱ
重金属	最小值	最大值	平均值	最小值	最大值	平均值
Cu	0.06	8.27	0.94	0.28	41.36	4.71
Pb	0.47	6.60	1.14	2.36	33.02	5.68
Zn	0.20	8.30	0.88	0.20	8.30	0.88
Cr	0.17	5.24	0.91	0.34	10.48	1.82
Ni	0.23	6.60	0.81	1.16	32.99	4.06
Cd	0.24	6.71	1.08	7.06	201.18	32.39
As	0.28	7.07	1.26	2.76	70.69	12.61
Hg	0.43	61.43	2.67	17.19	2457.00	106.83
$\sum\limits_{(i = 1)}^8 {} $	C_d			RI
	最小值	最大值	平均值	最小值	最大值	平均值
	3.07	67.60	9.69	52.62	2518.50	168.99

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